Haptic Navigation Shoe for the Visually Impaired

Summary

This project involves the design and implementation of a haptic navigation shoe for the visually impaired. The system integrates various sensors and actuators, including a water sensor, vibration motors, an ultrasonic sensor, a Bluetooth module, an accelerometer, a radar sensor, and a buzzer. The data from these sensors is processed by an Arduino Nano microcontroller and sent to a mobile app via Bluetooth for tracking and alerts.

Component List

1. PWM Vibration Motor Sensor Module Switch

   • Pins: Signal, Vcc, Ground
   • Description: Provides haptic feedback through vibration.

2. ADXXL335

   • Pins: VCC, X-OUT, Y-OUT, Z-OUT, GND
   • Description: 3-axis accelerometer for motion detection.

3. RAIN SENSOR

   • Pins: AO, DO, GRD, VCC
   • Description: Detects the presence of water.

4. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

   • Pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND
   • Description: Measures distance using ultrasonic waves.

5. HC-05 Bluetooth Module

   • Pins: Key, VCC, TXD, RXD, State, GND
   • Description: Enables wireless communication with a mobile app.

6. PWM Vibration Motor Sensor Module Switch

   • Pins: Signal, Vcc, Ground
   • Description: Provides haptic feedback through vibration.

7. Buzzer

   • Pins: +, GND
   • Description: Emits sound alerts.

8. RCWL-0516 Microwave Radar Motion Sensor Module

   • Pins: CDS, VIN, OUT, GND, 3V3
   • Description: Detects motion using microwave radar.

9. Arduino Nano

   • Pins: D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, GND, D13, 3V3, AREF, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4 sda, A5 scl, A6, A7, 5V, RST, VIN, RX0, TX1, 13, 11, 12
   • Description: Microcontroller for processing sensor data and controlling actuators.

Wiring Details

PWM Vibration Motor Sensor Module Switch

• Signal connected to D3 of Arduino Nano.
• Vcc connected to 5V of Arduino Nano.
• Ground connected to GND of Arduino Nano.

ADXXL335

• VCC connected to 3V3 of Arduino Nano.
• X-OUT connected to A0 of Arduino Nano.
• Y-OUT connected to A1 of Arduino Nano.
• Z-OUT connected to A2 of Arduino Nano.
• GND connected to GND of Arduino Nano.

RAIN SENSOR

• VCC connected to 5V of Arduino Nano.
• GRD connected to GND of Arduino Nano.
• AO connected to A3 of Arduino Nano.
• DO connected to D4 of Arduino Nano.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• VCC connected to 5V of Arduino Nano.
• TRIG connected to D5 of Arduino Nano.
• ECHO connected to D6 of Arduino Nano.
• GND connected to GND of Arduino Nano.

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

• VCC connected to 5V of Arduino Nano.
• TXD connected to RX0 of Arduino Nano.
• RXD connected to TX1 of Arduino Nano.
• GND connected to GND of Arduino Nano.

PWM Vibration Motor Sensor Module Switch

• Signal connected to D2 of Arduino Nano.
• Vcc connected to 5V of Arduino Nano.
• Ground connected to GND of Arduino Nano.

Buzzer

• + connected to D7 of Arduino Nano.
• GND connected to GND of Arduino Nano.

RCWL-0516 Microwave Radar Motion Sensor Module

• VIN connected to 5V of Arduino Nano.
• OUT connected to D8 of Arduino Nano.
• GND connected to GND of Arduino Nano.

Documented Code

/*
 * Haptic Navigation Shoe for the Visually Impaired
 * This Arduino sketch interfaces with various sensors and actuators to provide
 * navigation and alert mechanisms for the visually impaired. The system includes
 * a water sensor, vibration motors, ultrasonic sensor, Bluetooth module,
 * accelerometer, radar sensor, and a buzzer. The data from the sensors is sent
 * to a mobile app via Bluetooth for tracking and alerts.
 */

// Pin definitions
const int vibrationMotor1Pin = 2;
const int vibrationMotor2Pin = 3;
const int rainSensorAnalogPin = A3;
const int rainSensorDigitalPin = 4;
const int ultrasonicTrigPin = 5;
const int ultrasonicEchoPin = 6;
const int radarSensorPin = 8;
const int buzzerPin = 7;

// Thresholds
const int waterLevelThreshold = 500; // Example threshold for water sensor
const int distanceThreshold = 30; // Example threshold for ultrasonic sensor

void setup() {
  // Initialize serial communication
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Initialize pins
  pinMode(vibrationMotor1Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(vibrationMotor2Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(rainSensorAnalogPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(rainSensorDigitalPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(ultrasonicTrigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ultrasonicEchoPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(radarSensorPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // Read water sensor
  int waterLevel = analogRead(rainSensorAnalogPin);
  if (waterLevel > waterLevelThreshold) {
    digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH); // Activate buzzer
  } else {
    digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW); // Deactivate buzzer
  }

  // Read ultrasonic sensor
  long duration, distance;
  digitalWrite(ultrasonicTrigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(ultrasonicTrigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(ultrasonicTrigPin, LOW);
  duration = pulseIn(ultrasonicEchoPin, HIGH);
  distance = (duration / 2) / 29.1;
  if (distance < distanceThreshold) {
    digitalWrite(vibrationMotor1Pin, HIGH); // Activate vibration motor
  } else {
    digitalWrite(vibrationMotor1Pin, LOW); // Deactivate vibration motor
  }

  // Read radar sensor
  int radarState = digitalRead(radarSensorPin);
  if (radarState == HIGH) {
    digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH); // Activate buzzer
  } else {
    digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW); // Deactivate buzzer
  }

  // Send data via Bluetooth
  Serial.print("Water Level: ");
  Serial.println(waterLevel);
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.println(distance);
  Serial.print("Radar State: ");
  Serial.println(radarState);

  delay(1000); // Delay for stability
}

This documentation provides a comprehensive overview of the circuit, including a summary, component list, wiring details, and the embedded code used in the project.