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Arduino UNO-Based Automated Waste Sorting System with Stepper and Servo Motors

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a waste sorting system that categorizes wet, dry, and metal waste. The system utilizes an Arduino UNO microcontroller to manage various sensors and actuators, including a stepper motor, a servo motor, a proximity sensor, an IR sensor, a rain sensor, and a buzzer. The stepper motor rotates a sorting mechanism, the servo motor opens and closes a gate, the proximity sensor detects the presence of waste, the IR sensor identifies the type of waste, and the rain sensor measures soil moisture. The buzzer provides audible feedback.

Component List

  1. Arduino UNO

    • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
    • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

  2. Stepper Motor

    • Description: Stepper motor for precise control of rotational position.
    • Pins: IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, +, -

  3. Servo Motor 9G

    • Description: Small servo motor for precise control of angular position.
    • Pins: VCC 5V, PMW, GND

  4. Proximity Sensor

    • Description: Sensor to detect the presence of objects.
    • Pins: GND, +12v

  5. IR Sensor

    • Description: Infrared sensor to detect the type of waste.
    • Pins: out, gnd, vcc

  6. Rain Sensor

    • Description: Sensor to measure soil moisture.
    • Pins: AO, DO, GRD, VCC

  7. Buzzer

    • Description: Provides audible feedback.
    • Pins: PIN, GND

  8. 18650 Li-ion Battery x 2

    • Description: Power source for the circuit.
    • Pins: +, -

  9. Power Jack

    • Description: Connects the power source to the circuit.
    • Pins: POSITIF, NEGATIF

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

Stepper Motor

Servo Motor 9G

Proximity Sensor

IR Sensor

Rain Sensor

Buzzer

18650 Li-ion Battery x 2

Power Jack

Code Documentation

/*
 * This Arduino sketch controls a system that sorts wet, dry, and metal waste.
 * It uses a stepper motor, a servo motor, a proximity sensor, an IR sensor,
 * a rain sensor, and a buzzer. The stepper motor is used to rotate a sorting
 * mechanism, the servo motor is used to open and close a gate, the proximity
 * sensor detects the presence of waste, the IR sensor detects the type of
 * waste, and the rain sensor measures soil moisture. The buzzer provides
 * audible feedback.
 */

#include <CheapStepper.h>
#include <Servo.h>

Servo servo1;
#define ir 5
#define proxi 6
#define buzzer 12
int potPin = A0; // input pin for rain sensor
int soil = 0; // global variable for soil moisture reading
int fsoil;

CheapStepper stepper(10, 9, 8, 7);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(proxi, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(ir, INPUT);
  pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
  servo1.attach(7);
  stepper.setRpm(17);
  servo1.write(180);
  delay(1000);
  servo1.write(70);
  delay(1000);
}

void loop() {
  fsoil = 0;
  int L = digitalRead(proxi);
  Serial.print("Proximity sensor state: ");
  Serial.println(L);

  if (L == 0) {
    tone(buzzer, 1000, 1000);
    stepper.moveDegreesCW(240);
    delay(1000);
    servo1.write(180);
    delay(1000);
    servo1.write(70);
    delay(1000);
    stepper.moveDegreesCCW(240);
    delay(1000);
  }

  if (digitalRead(ir) == 0) {
    tone(buzzer, 1000, 500);
    delay(1000);
    
    // Soil moisture calculation
    fsoil = 0;  // reset the fsoil average accumulator
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
      soil = analogRead(potPin);
      soil = constrain(soil, 485, 1023);
      fsoil += map(soil, 485, 1023, 100, 0);
      delay(75);
    }
    fsoil = fsoil / 3;  // calculate average soil moisture level

    Serial.print("Soil Moisture: ");
    Serial.print(fsoil);
    Serial.println("%");

    if (fsoil > 20) {
      stepper.moveDegreesCW(120);
      delay(1000);
      servo1.write(180);
      delay(1000);
      servo1.write(70);
      delay(1000);
      stepper.moveDegreesCCW(120);
      delay(1000);
    } else {
      tone(buzzer, 1000, 500);
      delay(1000);
      servo1.write(180);
      delay(1000);
      servo1.write(70);
      delay(1000);
    }
  }
}

This code initializes the components and sets up the necessary pin modes. In the loop function, it continuously checks the state of the proximity sensor and the IR sensor. When the proximity sensor detects an object, the stepper motor rotates the sorting mechanism, and the servo