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Arduino UNO-Based Autonomous Obstacle-Avoiding Robot with Ultrasonic Sensor and Battery Power

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a robotic vehicle using an Arduino UNO microcontroller. The vehicle is equipped with an HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor for distance measurement, DC gear motors for movement, a servomotor for steering, and an L298N motor driver for motor control. The circuit also includes a rocker switch for power control and a 2x 18650 battery pack for power supply. The Arduino Sensor Shield v5.0 is used to facilitate connections between the components and the Arduino UNO.

Component List

  1. Arduino UNO

    • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
    • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

  2. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

    • Description: Ultrasonic distance sensor.
    • Pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND

  3. Gearmotor DC Wheels (Left)

    • Description: DC motor for left wheels.
    • Pins: PIN1, PIN2

  4. Gearmotor DC Wheels (Right)

    • Description: DC motor for right wheels.
    • Pins: PIN1, PIN2

  5. Servomotor SG90

    • Description: Small servomotor for steering.
    • Pins: SIG, VCC, GND

  6. L298N DC Motor Driver

    • Description: Dual H-Bridge motor driver.
    • Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

  7. Rocker Switch (SPST)

    • Description: Single-pole single-throw switch.
    • Pins: 1, 2

  8. Arduino Sensor Shield v5.0

    • Description: Shield for easy sensor connections.
    • Pins: VCC, SD-VCC, SD-GND, SD-D11, SD-D10, SD-D13, SD-D12, URF01-VCC, URF01-A0, URF01-A1, URF01-GND, GND, SEL1, SEL2, A0-SIG, A0-VCC, A0-GND, A1-SIG, A1-VCC, A1-GND, A2-SIG, A2-VCC, A2-GND, A3-SIG, A3-VCC, A3-GND, A4-SIG, A4-VCC, A4-GND, A5-SIG, A5-VCC, A5-GND, IIC-SCL, IIC-SDA, IIC-GND, IIC-VCC, COM-TX, COM-RX, COM-GND, COM-VCC, APC220-, APC220-D0, APC220-D1, APC220-VCC, APC220-GND, BLUETOOTH-3V3, BLUETOOTH-GND, BLUETOOTH-D0, BLUETOOTH-D1, BLUETOOTH-VCC, AREF-S, AREF-V, AREF-G, GND-S, GND-V, GND-G, 13-S, 13-V, 13-G, 12-S, 12-V, 12-G, 11-S, 11-V, 11-G, 10-S, 10-V, 10-G, 9-S, 9-V, 9-G, 8-S, 8-V, 8-G, 7-S, 7-V, 7-G, 6-S, 6-V, 6-G, 5-S, 5-V, 5-G, 4-S, 4-V, 4-G, 3-S, 3-V, 3-G, 2-S, 2-V, 2-G, 1-S, 1-V, 1-G, 0-S, 0-V, 0-G, ParallelLCD-VCC, ParallelLCD-D13, ParallelLCD-GND, ParallelLCD-D12, ParallelLCD-D2, ParallelLCD-D11, ParallelLCD-D3, ParallelLCD-D10, ParallelLCD-D4, ParallelLCD-D9, ParallelLCD-D5, ParallelLCD-D8, ParallelLCD-D6, ParallelLCD-D7, SerialLCD-D4, SerialLCD-VCC, SerialLCD-D3, SerialLCD-, SerialLCD-D2, SerialLCD-GND

  9. 2x 18650 Battery Pack

    • Description: Battery pack with two 18650 cells.
    • Pins: vcc, gnd

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

Gearmotor DC Wheels (Left)

Gearmotor DC Wheels (Right)

Servomotor SG90

L298N DC Motor Driver

Rocker Switch (SPST)

Arduino Sensor Shield v5.0

2x