Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to measure voltage and current using a voltage sensor and a current sensor, respectively. The measured values are displayed on a 16x2 LCD screen. The circuit is controlled by an Arduino Nano microcontroller, which reads the sensor values and updates the LCD display accordingly.

Component List

1. Arduino Nano

   • Description: A small, complete, and breadboard-friendly microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: D1/TX, D0/RX, RESET, GND, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11/MOSI, D12/MISO, VIN, 5V, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, A1, A0, AREF, 3V3, D13/SCK

2. Voltage Sensor

   • Description: A sensor used to measure voltage.
   • Pins: Ground, Phase, Vcc, Out, Gnd

3. 16X2 LCD

   • Description: A 16x2 character LCD display.
   • Pins: VSS, VDD, V0, RS, RW, E, D1, D0, D2, D3, D4, D6, D5, D7, A, K

4. Potentiometer

   • Description: A variable resistor used to adjust the contrast of the LCD.
   • Pins: GND, Output, VCC

5. Resistor

   • Description: A 220 Ohm resistor used to limit current.
   • Pins: pin1, pin2
   • Properties: Resistance: 220 Ohms

6. Current Sensor 5A

   • Description: A sensor used to measure current up to 5A.
   • Pins: 1, 2, GND, OUT, VCC

Wiring Details

Arduino Nano

• GND is connected to:

  • 16X2 LCD: VSS, K, RW
  • Voltage Sensor: Gnd
  • Current Sensor 5A: GND

• D7 is connected to 16X2 LCD: RS

• D8 is connected to 16X2 LCD: E

• D9 is connected to 16X2 LCD: D4

• D10 is connected to 16X2 LCD: D5

• D11/MOSI is connected to 16X2 LCD: D6

• D12/MISO is connected to 16X2 LCD: D7

• 5V is connected to:

  • Resistor: pin2
  • Voltage Sensor: Vcc
  • 16X2 LCD: VDD
  • Current Sensor 5A: VCC

• A2 is connected to Current Sensor 5A: OUT

• A1 is connected to Voltage Sensor: Out

16X2 LCD

• V0 is connected to Potentiometer: Output

• A is connected to Resistor: pin1

Voltage Sensor

• Gnd is connected to Arduino Nano: GND

• Vcc is connected to Resistor: pin2

• Out is connected to Arduino Nano: A1

Current Sensor 5A

• GND is connected to Arduino Nano: GND

• VCC is connected to Arduino Nano: 5V

• OUT is connected to Arduino Nano: A2

Potentiometer

• Output is connected to 16X2 LCD: V0

Resistor

• pin1 is connected to 16X2 LCD: A

• pin2 is connected to Arduino Nano: 5V

Code Documentation

/*
 * This Arduino Sketch reads voltage from a voltage sensor connected to A1
 * and current from a current sensor connected to A2. It displays the measured
 * voltage and current on a 16x2 LCD. The LCD is connected to the Arduino Nano
 * as per the specified pin connections.
 */

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

// Initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);

// Voltage sensor pin
const int voltageSensorPin = A1;
// Current sensor pin
const int currentSensorPin = A2;

void setup() {
  // Set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
  // Print a message to the LCD.
  lcd.print("Voltage:");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Current:");
}

void loop() {
  // Read the input on analog pin A1
  int voltageValue = analogRead(voltageSensorPin);
  // Convert the analog reading (0 - 1023) to a voltage (0 - 5V):
  float voltage = voltageValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);
  // Read the input on analog pin A2
  int currentValue = analogRead(currentSensorPin);
  // Convert the analog reading (0 - 1023) to a current (0 - 5A):
  float current = currentValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);
  // Set the cursor to column 0, line 0
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  // Print the voltage to the LCD
  lcd.print("Voltage: ");
  lcd.print(voltage);
  lcd.print(" V");
  // Set the cursor to column 0, line 1
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  // Print the current to the LCD
  lcd.print("Current: ");
  lcd.print(current);
  lcd.print(" A");
  // Wait for a bit before the next loop
  delay(500);
}

This code initializes the LCD and sets up the pins for the voltage and current sensors. In the loop function, it reads the sensor values, converts them to voltage and current, and displays the values on the LCD.