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Arduino Nano-Based Battery-Powered Line Following Robot with Reflectance Sensor and Motor Driver

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit that includes various components such as DC motors, pushbuttons, a toggle switch, a LiPo battery, a reflectance sensor array, LEDs, resistors, an Arduino Nano, a motor driver, a battery management system (BMS), and a TP5100 charger. The circuit is designed to control motors and LEDs using an Arduino Nano, with inputs from pushbuttons and a reflectance sensor array.

Component List

  1. DC Mini Metal Gear Motor

    • Pins: IN1, IN2
    • Description: A small DC motor with metal gears for increased torque.
    • Purpose: Used to drive mechanical components.

  2. Pushbutton

    • Pins: Pin 1 (in), Pin 2 (in), Pin 3 (out), Pin 4 (out)
    • Description: A simple pushbutton switch.
    • Purpose: Used to provide user input to the circuit.

  3. Toggle Switch

    • Pins: L1, COM, L2
    • Description: A switch that toggles between two states.
    • Purpose: Used to control the power supply to the circuit.

  4. 3.7v LiPo

    • Pins: +Ve, GND
    • Description: A 3.7V Lithium Polymer battery.
    • Purpose: Provides power to the circuit.

  5. Reflectance Sensor Array 9 pin

    • Pins: ON, GND, 1, 2, 3, 4, VCC, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
    • Description: An array of sensors used to detect reflectance.
    • Purpose: Used for line-following or object detection.

  6. LED: Two Pin (red)

    • Pins: cathode, anode
    • Description: A red LED.
    • Purpose: Used for visual indication.

  7. LED: Two Pin (green)

    • Pins: cathode, anode
    • Description: A green LED.
    • Purpose: Used for visual indication.

  8. Resistor

    • Pins: pin1, pin2
    • Description: A resistor with a resistance of 200 Ohms.
    • Purpose: Used to limit current in the circuit.

  9. Arduino Nano

    • Pins: D1/TX, D0/RX, RESET, GND, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11/MOSI, D12/MISO, VIN, 5V, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, A1, A0, AREF, 3V3, D13/SCK
    • Description: A small, complete, and breadboard-friendly microcontroller board.
    • Purpose: Used to control the circuit.

  10. TB6612FNG Motor Driver

    • Pins: GND, B01, B02, A02, A01, VCC, VM, PWMB, BI2, BI1, STBY, AI1, AI2, PWMA
    • Description: A motor driver IC.
    • Purpose: Used to drive the DC motors.

  11. 2S 30A BMS

    • Pins: B+, B-, BM, P-, T, P+
    • Description: A battery management system for 2S LiPo batteries.
    • Purpose: Used to manage and protect the LiPo batteries.

  12. TP5100

    • Pins: B-, B+, IN-, IN+
    • Description: A charger module for LiPo batteries.
    • Purpose: Used to charge the LiPo batteries.

Wiring Details

DC Mini Metal Gear Motor

Pushbutton

Toggle Switch

3.7v LiPo

Reflectance Sensor Array 9 pin

LED: Two Pin (red)

LED: Two Pin (green)

Resistor

Arduino Nano

TB6612FNG Motor Driver

2S 30A BMS

TP5100

Documented Code

Arduino Nano Code

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

This concludes the documentation for the circuit. Each component and its connections have been detailed, along with the code used for the Arduino Nano.