Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to harness solar energy through a solar panel, manage power distribution using a charge controller, and power various components including sensors, a microcontroller, a water pump, LEDs, and a servo motor. The system is controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller, which interfaces with temperature and smoke sensors, a flame sensor, and controls a water pump and LEDs via relay modules. The circuit includes a 12V battery for energy storage and a solar inverter to convert DC to AC power. Safety features include a circuit breaker to protect against overcurrent conditions.

Component List

Power Components

• 12V 200Ah Battery: Stores electrical energy for the circuit.
• Solar Panel: Converts sunlight into electrical energy.
• Charge Controller: Manages the charging of the battery from the solar panel and provides overcharge protection.
• Solar Inverter: Converts DC power from the battery into AC power.
• Step down Module: Converts higher voltage levels to a regulated 5V output.

Control Components

• ESP 32 Wroom Dev Kit: A microcontroller development board used for controlling various components in the circuit.

Sensors

• TMP007 Thermopile Sensor: Measures temperature without contact by absorbing infrared energy from an object.
• Smoke Sensor: Detects the presence of smoke particles in the air.
• Flame Sensor: Detects the presence of a flame or fire.

Actuators

• Water Pump: Pumps water when activated.
• Servo: A motor that can be precisely controlled for position.

Indicators and Interfaces

• LED: Four Pin (Common Cathode): A multi-color LED that can display various colors.
• Buzzer Module: Emits an audible alert when activated.
• Pushbutton: A manual switch used for user input.

Protection and Switching

• Circuit Breaker: Protects the circuit from overcurrent by interrupting the flow of electricity when a fault is detected.
• 1 Channel 5V Relay Module: Electrically operated switches that allow the microcontroller to control higher power loads.

Miscellaneous

• Resistor: Limits the current flow and divides voltages within the circuit.
• WS2815 LED Strip: A strip of individually controllable RGB LEDs.

Wiring Details

Power Components

• 12V 200Ah Battery

  • 12V connected to the Solar Inverter B+ and the Charge Controller Battery Positive.
  • GND connected to the Solar Inverter B-, the Charge Controller Battery Negative, and various GND connections throughout the circuit.

• Solar Panel

  • + connected to the Charge Controller Solar Positive.
  • - connected to the Charge Controller Solar Negative.

• Charge Controller

  • Solar Positive and Solar Negative connected to the Solar Panel.
  • Battery Positive and Battery Negative connected to the 12V Battery and the Circuit Breaker.

• Solar Inverter

  • B+ connected to the 12V Battery 12V.
  • B- connected to the 12V Battery GND.

• Step down Module

  • 24v IN+ not connected in the provided net list.
  • 12v IN+ connected to the Circuit Breaker +.
  • 5v OUT+ and 5v OUT- connected to various VCC and GND connections in the circuit.

Control Components

• ESP 32 Wroom Dev Kit
  • 3V3 connected to the TMP007 Thermopile Sensor VCC.
  • GND connected to various GND connections in the circuit.
  • GPIO pins connected to various components for control and data acquisition.

Sensors

• TMP007 Thermopile Sensor

  • VCC connected to the ESP32 3V3.
  • GND connected to the common GND net.
  • SDA and SCL connected to the ESP32 for I2C communication.

• Smoke Sensor

  • VCC connected to the 5V supply from the Step down Module.
  • GND connected to the common GND net.
  • AO connected to the ESP32 for analog data acquisition.

• Flame Sensor

  • VCC connected to the 5V supply from the Step down Module.
  • GND connected to the common GND net.
  • A0 connected to the ESP32 for analog data acquisition.

Actuators

• Water Pump

  • VCC connected to the Normally Open (N.O.) contact of a Relay Module.
  • GND connected to the common GND net.

• Servo

  • vcc connected to the 5V supply from the Step down Module.
  • gnd connected to the common GND net.
  • pulse connected to the ESP32 for PWM control.

Indicators and Interfaces

• LED: Four Pin (Common Cathode)

  • red anode, green anode, and blue anode each connected to a resistor, which is then connected to the ESP32.
  • common cathode connected to the common GND net.

• Buzzer Module

  • Vcc connected to the 5V supply from the Step down Module.
  • GND connected to the common GND net.
  • I/O connected to the ESP32 for control.

• Pushbutton

  • Pin 2 connected to a resistor, which is then connected to the common GND net.
  • Pin 1 connected to the ESP32 for input detection.

Protection and Switching

• Circuit Breaker

  • + connected to the Charge Controller Battery Positive and the COM contacts of the Relay Modules.
  • - connected to the Charge Controller Battery Negative and the common GND net.

• 1 Channel 5V Relay Module

  • VCC+ connected to the 5V supply from the Step down Module.
  • VCC- (GND) connected to the common GND net.
  • IN connected to the ESP32 for control.
  • N.O. connected to the Water Pump VCC and the WS2815 LED Strip +12V.
  • COM connected to the Circuit Breaker +.

Miscellaneous

• Resistor

  • Connected in series with the LED anodes and the ESP32 GPIO pins for current limiting.

• WS2815 LED Strip

  • GND connected to the common GND net.
  • B0 and D0 connected to the ESP32 for control.
  • +12V connected to the Normally Open (N.O.) contact of a Relay Module.

Documented Code

No code was provided for the microcontroller(s) in the circuit. Therefore, this section is left blank until the relevant code is supplied for documentation.