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Arduino Nano ESP32-Based Aquaponics Monitoring System with Battery Power

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of an aquaponics monitoring and control system. The system utilizes various sensors to monitor water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). An Arduino Nano ESP32 microcontroller processes the sensor data and controls a water pump via a relay based on the water temperature.

Component List

  1. AHT10

    • Description: Temperature and Humidity Sensor
    • Pins: Vcc, Gnd, SCL, SDA

  2. Buck Converter

    • Description: DC-DC Step-Down Converter
    • Pins: IN+, IN-, OUT+, OUT-

  3. LiPo Battery 2200mAH 30C

    • Description: Rechargeable Lithium Polymer Battery
    • Pins: VCC, GND

  4. 1-Channel Relay (5V 10A)

    • Description: Relay Module for Switching High Power Devices
    • Pins: NC, signal, C, power, NO, ground

  5. PH Meter

    • Description: pH Sensor for Measuring Acidity/Alkalinity
    • Pins: Signal, VCC, GND

  6. Water Pump

    • Description: Pump for Water Circulation
    • Pins: positive, negative

  7. TDS Sensor

    • Description: Total Dissolved Solids Sensor
    • Pins: AI, GND, 5V

  8. Temperature Sensor

    • Description: DS18B20 Temperature Sensor
    • Pins: Temp GND Black, Temp VDD Red, Temp DQ Data Yellow

  9. DO Sensor

    • Description: Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
    • Pins: Vcc, Gnd, Out

  10. Arduino Nano ESP32

    • Description: Microcontroller for Processing Sensor Data and Controlling Actuators
    • Pins: D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, GND, RST, RX0, TX1, D13, 3.3V, B0, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, VBUS, B1, VIN

Wiring Details

AHT10

Buck Converter

LiPo Battery 2200mAH 30C

1-Channel Relay (5V 10A)

PH Meter

Water Pump

TDS Sensor

Temperature Sensor

DO Sensor

Arduino Nano ESP32

Code Documentation

#include <Wire.h>
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>
#include <AHT10.h>
#include <DFRobot_ESP_PH.h>
#include <DFRobot_DO.h> // Added dissolved oxygen sensor library

// Pin Definitions
#define TDS_SENSOR_PIN A0
#define PH_SENSOR_PIN A3
#define DS18B20_PIN 5
#define RELAY_PIN 8
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS DS18B20_PIN
#define DO_SENSOR_PIN A1 // Added pin for dissolved oxygen sensor
#define SCL_PIN A5 // Typical SCL pin for I2C
#define SDA_PIN A4 // Typical SDA pin for I2C

// Sensor Objects
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
DallasTemperature tempSensor(&oneWire);
AHT10 aht10;
DFRobot_ESP_PH ph;
DFRobot_DO do_sensor; // Dissolved oxygen sensor object
float tdsSensorValue = 0;
float phValue = 0;
float doValue = 0; // Dissolved oxygen value

void setup()
{
    Serial.begin(115200);

    // Initialize I2C with specific SCL and SDA pins
    Wire.begin(SDA_PIN, SCL_PIN);

    // Initialize Sensors
    tempSensor.begin();

    // AHT10 Initialization
    if (!aht10.begin())
    {
        Serial.println("AHT10 not found. Check wiring!");
    }

    // PH Sensor Initialization
    ph.begin();

    // Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Initialization
    do_sensor.begin();

    // Relay Setup
    pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);
}

void loop()
{
    // Read Temperature Sensors
    tempSensor.requestTemperatures();
    float waterTemp = tempSensor.getTempCByIndex(0);

    // Read AHT10 (Humidity and Air Temperature)
    float humidity = aht10.readHumidity();
    float airTemp = aht10.readTemperature();

    // Read TDS Sensor
    tdsSensorValue = readTDSSensor();

    // Read PH Sensor
    phValue = readPHSensor();

    // Read Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
    doValue = readDOSensor(waterTemp);

    // Print Sensor Readings
    Serial.println("--- Aquaponics Sensor Readings ---");
    Serial.print("Water Temperature: ");
    Serial.print(waterTemp);
    Serial.println(" °C");

    Serial.print("Air Temperature: ");
    Serial.print(airTemp);
    Serial.println(" °C");

    Serial.print("Humidity: ");
    Serial.print(humidity);
    Serial.println(" %");

    Serial.print("TDS Value: ");
    Serial.print(tdsSensorValue);
    Serial.println(" ppm");

    Serial.print("PH Value: ");
    Serial.print(phValue);
    Serial.println("");

    Serial.print("Dissolved Oxygen: ");
    Serial.print(doValue);
    Serial.println(" mg/L");

    // Control Relay (example: turn on if water temp is below 20°C)
    if (waterTemp < 20.0)
    {
        digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);
    }
    else
    {
        digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);
    }

    delay(5000); // Read sensors every 5 seconds
}

float readTDSSensor()
{
    int sensorValue = analogRead(TDS_SENSOR_PIN);
    float voltage = sensorValue * (3.3 / 4095.0);
    float tdsValue = (133.42 * voltage * voltage * voltage - 255.86 * voltage * voltage + 857.39 * voltage) * 0.5;
    return