Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit integrates various components controlled by an Arduino UNO microcontroller to perform a range of functions. The circuit includes a servomotor, gearmotors, an L298N DC motor driver, a mini water pump, flame sensors, a ceramic capacitor, a Darlington transistor, a rocker switch, and a power source consisting of two 18650 batteries. The Arduino UNO manages the inputs and outputs, interfacing with the sensors, controlling the servomotor, and driving the gearmotors through the motor driver. The circuit is designed to handle tasks that may include motion, detection of environmental parameters, and actuation based on sensor inputs.

Component List

Arduino UNO

A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has digital input/output pins, analog inputs, a USB connection for programming, and power management features.

Servomotor SG90

A small and lightweight servo that is used for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity, and acceleration.

Gearmotor DC Wheels (Right and Left)

DC motors with a gearbox that provide a high torque output, suitable for driving wheels or other rotating parts.

L298N DC Motor Driver

An integrated circuit that allows for the control of two DC motors simultaneously. It can drive motors with a voltage between 5 and 35V at up to 2A each.

Mini Water Pump

A small pump that can be used to move water or other liquids.

Sensor SHT113 Flame

A sensor designed to detect flames or fire, providing both analog and digital outputs.

Ceramic Capacitor

A passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electric field.

TIP120 Hi-Current Darlington Transistor

A transistor that allows a small current to control a higher current, used for switching or amplifying signals.

Rocker Switch

A switch that rocks back and forth when pressed, with one side of the switch raised while the other side is depressed.

2x 18650 Batteries

A pair of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries commonly used in high-drain devices.

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• GND connected to the common ground net.
• Vin connected to the VCC net, receiving power from the 2x 18650 batteries through the rocker switch.
• Digital pins D2 to D11 are used to interface with the L298N motor driver and the flame sensors, as well as to control the servomotor.

Servomotor SG90

• SIG connected to Arduino UNO pin D11 for control signals.
• VCC connected to the VCC net for power.
• GND connected to the common ground net.

Gearmotors DC Wheels (Right and Left)

• Connected to the L298N motor driver's OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, and OUT4 for motor control.

L298N DC Motor Driver

• GND connected to the common ground net.
• 12V connected to the VCC net for power.
• IN1 to IN4 connected to Arduino UNO pins D2 to D5 for motor control signals.
• OUT1 to OUT4 connected to the gearmotors for driving the wheels.
• ENA and ENB connected to the jumper settings for enabling the motor outputs.

Mini Water Pump

• VCC connected to the collector of the TIP120 transistor for power control.
• GND connected to the common ground net.

Sensor SHT113 Flame

• VCC connected to the VCC net for power.
• GND connected to the common ground net.
• D0 connected to Arduino UNO pins D8 to D10 for digital output signals.

Ceramic Capacitor

• One pin connected to the collector of the TIP120 transistor and the other pin to the common ground net, providing noise suppression.

TIP120 Hi-Current Darlington Transistor

• BASE connected to Arduino UNO pin D7 for control signals.
• COLLECTOR connected to the VCC net through the ceramic capacitor and to the mini water pump.
• EMITTER connected to the common ground net.

Rocker Switch

• One side connected to the VCC net from the 2x 18650 batteries.
• The other side connected to the VCC net supplying power to the circuit.

2x 18650 Batteries

• VCC connected to the rocker switch for power distribution.
• GND connected to the common ground net.

Documented Code

Arduino UNO (sketch.ino)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Additional Notes

The provided code for the Arduino UNO is a template with empty setup and loop functions. Actual implementation code is required to control the components based on the circuit's design and intended functionality.