Circuit Documentation

Summary of the Circuit

This circuit is designed to control a brushless motor using an Arduino UNO microcontroller and an Electronic Speed Controller (ESC). The motor's speed is regulated by a signal generated by the Arduino, which is influenced by the position of an analog joystick. The joystick's vertical movement is used to determine the motor's speed. The ESC receives power from a Lipo battery and also provides a regulated 5V output that powers the Arduino UNO and the joystick. The ESC interfaces with the motor through its motor output pins and controls the motor's speed based on the signal from the Arduino.

Component List

Arduino UNO

• Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
• Provides a range of digital and analog I/O pins
• Can be powered via USB or an external power source

Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)

• Interfaces between the microcontroller and the brushless motor
• Controls the speed of the motor based on input signal
• Provides power output for peripheral components

Lipo Battery

• Rechargeable battery that provides power to the ESC
• Typically has a high energy density and is used for high-power applications

Brushless Motor

• A type of electric motor that is commonly used in drones and RC vehicles
• Operates on three-phase power, controlled by the ESC

Analog Joystick (Wokwi Compatible)

• Provides analog input based on the position of the joystick
• Used to control the motor's speed in this circuit

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• 5V connected to the 5V output from the ESC
• GND connected to the GND output from the ESC
• A0 connected to the HORZ pin of the Analog Joystick
• D2 connected to the Signal pin of the ESC

Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)

• Battery VCC connected to the VCC pin of the Lipo Battery
• Battery GND connected to the GND pin of the Lipo Battery
• Signal connected to pin D2 on the Arduino UNO
• 5v out connected to the 5V pin on the Arduino UNO and VCC pin of the Analog Joystick
• GND out connected to the GND pin on the Arduino UNO and GND pin of the Analog Joystick
• M1, M2, M3 connected to L1, L2, L3 pins of the Brushless Motor respectively

Lipo Battery

• VCC connected to the Battery VCC pin of the ESC
• GND connected to the Battery GND pin of the ESC

Brushless Motor

• L1, L2, L3 connected to M1, M2, M3 pins of the ESC respectively

Analog Joystick (Wokwi Compatible)

• VCC connected to the 5v out from the ESC
• GND connected to the GND out from the ESC
• VERT not used in this circuit
• HORZ connected to A0 on the Arduino UNO
• SEL not used in this circuit

Documented Code

#include<Servo.h>

#define ESC_PIN 2

Servo esc;

int joyStickpin  = A1; // Not used in the current setup
int joyStickValue = 0; // Not used in the current setup
int EscPin       = 9;  // Not used in the current setup
void setup() {
  // Attach the ESC to pin D2 and set the initial signal range
  esc.attach(ESC_PIN,  1000, 2000);
  // Initialize the motor's speed to 0
  esc.write(0);
  // Allow the ESC to initialize
  delay(2000);
}

void loop() {
  // Read the joystick value from the analog pin A0
  int joystickValue = analogRead(A0);
  // Constrain the joystick value to the upper half from the center
  joystickValue = constrain(joystickValue, 550, 1023);
  // Map the joystick value to a range suitable for the ESC
  int motorSpeed = map(joystickValue, 550, 1023, 0, 180);
  // Write the mapped value to the ESC, controlling the motor speed
  esc.write(motorSpeed);
}

The code provided is for an Arduino sketch that reads the position of an analog joystick and translates it into a speed control signal for a brushless motor via an ESC. The Servo library is used to generate the control signal, and the joystick's horizontal axis is used to determine the motor's speed. The code includes setup and loop functions that initialize the ESC and continuously read the joystick position to control the motor speed.