Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a set of DC Mini Metal Gear Motors through an L298N 2A Dual Motor Driver Module with PWM Control, interfaced with an Arduino UNO microcontroller. The Arduino UNO also communicates with an HC-05 Bluetooth Module to receive control commands wirelessly. A 12V battery provides power to the system. The circuit is capable of driving the motors in forward and reverse directions, as well as turning on an LED connected to the Arduino.

Component List

Arduino UNO

• Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
• It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

DC Mini Metal Gear Motor

• A compact and powerful DC motor with a metal gearbox for driving the mechanical parts of the system.

L298N 2A Dual Motor Driver Module with PWM Control

• A motor driver module capable of driving two DC motors with PWM speed control.

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

• A wireless communication module that allows the Arduino to communicate with other Bluetooth-enabled devices.

Battery 12V

• A 12V power source for the motor driver module and the motors.

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• 5V connected to HC-05 Bluetooth Module VCC
• GND connected to:
  • Battery 12V -
  • L298N Motor Driver GND
  • HC-05 Bluetooth Module GND
• Vin connected to L298N Motor Driver 5V
• Digital pins D13, D12, D11, D10 connected to L298N Motor Driver IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4 respectively
• Digital pins D1, D0 connected to HC-05 Bluetooth Module RXD, TXD respectively
• Digital pin D9 is unused but configured for an LED in the code

DC Mini Metal Gear Motors

• Two motors connected to L298N Motor Driver OUT1 and OUT2
• Two motors connected to L298N Motor Driver OUT3 and OUT4

L298N 2A Dual Motor Driver Module with PWM Control

• OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, OUT4 connected to four DC Mini Metal Gear Motors IN1 and IN2
• 12V connected to Battery 12V +
• GND connected to Arduino UNO GND
• 5V connected to Arduino UNO Vin
• IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4 connected to Arduino UNO D13, D12, D11, D10 respectively

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

• VCC connected to Arduino UNO 5V
• GND connected to Arduino UNO GND
• TXD connected to Arduino UNO D0
• RXD connected to Arduino UNO D1

Battery 12V

• + connected to L298N Motor Driver 12V
• - connected to Arduino UNO GND

Documented Code

char t;

void setup() {
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);   // left motors forward
  pinMode(12, OUTPUT);   // left motors reverse
  pinMode(11, OUTPUT);   // right motors forward
  pinMode(10, OUTPUT);   // right motors reverse
  pinMode(9, OUTPUT);    // LED
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  if (Serial.available()) {
    t = Serial.read();
    Serial.println(t);
  }

  if (t == 'F') {            // move forward (all motors rotate in forward direction)
    digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  }

  else if (t == 'B') {      // move reverse (all motors rotate in reverse direction)
    digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  }

  else if (t == 'L') {      // turn right (left side motors rotate in forward direction, right side motors don't rotate)
    digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  }

  else if (t == 'R') {      // turn left (right side motors rotate in forward direction, left side motors don't rotate)
    digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  }

  else if (t == 'W') {      // turn LED on or off)
    digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  }
  else if (t == 'w') {
    digitalWrite(9, LOW);
  }

  else if (t == 'S') {      // STOP (all motors stop)
    digitalWrite(13, LOW);
    digitalWrite(12, LOW);
    digitalWrite(11, LOW);
    digitalWrite(10, LOW);
  }
  delay(100);
}

The code is designed to read characters from the serial input and control the motors and an LED based on the received character. Commands 'F', 'B', 'L', 'R', 'W', 'w', and 'S' correspond to forward, backward, left turn, right turn, LED on, LED off, and stop, respectively.