Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit that integrates various sensors, motor drivers, and microcontrollers to perform multiple tasks. The circuit includes an Arduino UNO, an ESP32-WROOM-32UE, a L298N DC motor driver, and several sensors such as a TDS sensor, a turbidity module, a pH degree sensor module, an HX711 bridge sensor interface, and a load cell. The circuit is powered by a 12V battery and is designed to control motors and read sensor data, which is then transmitted to a Blynk application for monitoring.

Component List

Arduino UNO

• Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
• Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

L298N DC Motor Driver

• Description: A dual H-Bridge motor driver module.
• Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

ESP32-WROOM-32UE

• Description: A powerful, generic Wi-Fi+BT+BLE MCU module.
• Pins: 3v3, EN, VP, VN, 34, 35, 32, 33, 25, 26, 27, 14, 12, GND, 13, D2, D3, 5V, 23, 22, TX, RX, 21, 19, 18, 5, 17, 16, 4, 0, 2, 15, D1, D0, CKL

Battery 12V

• Description: A 12V battery for powering the circuit.
• Pins: -, +

HX711 - Bridge Sensor Interface

• Description: A precision 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) designed for weigh scales and industrial control applications.
• Pins: E+, E-, A-, A+, B-, B+, GND - GROUND, DATA (OUT), SCK - CLOCK (IN), 3.3/3.5V Supply

Load Cell - Red/White/Black/Green

• Description: A sensor used to measure weight.
• Pins: E+, A-, E-, A+

Turbidity Module

• Description: A sensor used to measure the turbidity (cloudiness) of water.
• Pins: GND, AO, DO, VCC, S+, SO, S-

TDS Sensor

• Description: A sensor used to measure the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in water.
• Pins: P1, P2, +, -, A

pH Degree Sensor Module

• Description: A sensor used to measure the pH level of a solution.
• Pins: pH Negative, pH Positive, pH A

775 Motor

• Description: A high-power DC motor.
• Pins: positive, negative

Geared Motor

• Description: A motor with an integrated gearbox for increased torque.
• Pins: negative, positive

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• 5V connected to:

  • TDS Sensor (+)
  • Turbidity Module (VCC)
  • pH Degree Sensor Module (pH Positive)
  • HX711 - Bridge Sensor Interface (3.3/3.5V Supply)

• GND connected to:

  • Turbidity Module (GND)
  • pH Degree Sensor Module (pH Negative)
  • TDS Sensor (-)
  • HX711 - Bridge Sensor Interface (GND - GROUND)
  • ESP32-WROOM-32UE (GND)
  • L298N DC Motor Driver (GND)
  • Battery 12V (-)

• A0 connected to:

  • HX711 - Bridge Sensor Interface (DATA (OUT))

• A1 connected to:

  • HX711 - Bridge Sensor Interface (SCK - CLOCK (IN))

• A2 connected to:

  • Turbidity Module (SO)

• A3 connected to:

  • pH Degree Sensor Module (pH A)

• A4 connected to:

  • TDS Sensor (A)

• D1 connected to:

  • ESP32-WROOM-32UE (RX)

• D0 connected to:

  • ESP32-WROOM-32UE (TX)

L298N DC Motor Driver

• 12V connected to:

  • Battery 12V (+)

• 5V connected to:

  • ESP32-WROOM-32UE (5V)

• OUT1 connected to:

  • 775 Motor (positive)

• OUT2 connected to:

  • 775 Motor (negative)

• OUT3 connected to:

  • Geared Motor (negative)

• OUT4 connected to:

  • Geared Motor (positive)

• ENA connected to:

  • ESP32-WROOM-32UE (4)

• IN1 connected to:

  • ESP32-WROOM-32UE (16)

• IN2 connected to:

  • ESP32-WROOM-32UE (17)

• IN3 connected to:

  • ESP32-WROOM-32UE (18)

• IN4 connected to:

  • ESP32-WROOM-32UE (19)

• ENB connected to:

  • ESP32-WROOM-32UE (5)

ESP32-WROOM-32UE

• 3v3 connected to:

  • ESP32-WROOM-32UE (GND)

• RX connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (D1)

• TX connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (D0)

HX711 - Bridge Sensor Interface

• E+ connected to:

  • Load Cell (E+)

• E- connected to:

  • Load Cell (E-)

• A- connected to:

  • Load Cell (A-)

• A+ connected to:

  • Load Cell (A+)

Battery 12V

• + connected to:

  • L298N DC Motor Driver (12V)

• - connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (GND)
  • L298N DC Motor Driver (GND)

Documented Code

Arduino UNO Code

#include <AFMotor.h>
#include "HX711.h"
#include <Wire.h>

// Define pin connections
#define conveyorMotorPin 9    // Pin for controlling the conveyor motor
#define TURBIDITY_PIN A2      // Pin for reading turbidity data
#define PH_PIN A3             // Pin for reading pH data
#define TDS_PIN A4            // Pin for reading TDS data
#define RX_PIN 0              // Arduino RX connected to ESP32 TX
#define TX_PIN 1              // Arduino TX connected to ESP32 RX

// Initialize motor drivers
AF_DCMotor motorLeft(1);      // Left motor connected to M1
AF_DCMotor motorRight(2);     // Right motor connected to M2

// Initialize the HX711 weight sensor
HX711 scale;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication for debugging

  // Initialize motors
  motorLeft.setSpeed(150); // Set left motor speed (0-255)
  motorRight.setSpeed(150); // Set right motor speed (0-255)
  pinMode(conveyorMotorPin, OUTPUT); // Set conveyor motor pin as output

  // Initialize HX711
  scale.begin(A0, A1); // Connect DATA to A0, CLOCK to A1
  scale.set_scale(2280.f); // Adjust calibration factor based on your load cell
  scale.tare(); // Reset the scale to 0 weight

  // Print initialization message
  Serial.println("Setup complete. Starting operations...");
}

void moveMotors(int direction, int duration) {
  if (direction == FORWARD) {
    motorLeft.run(FORWARD);
    motorRight.run(FORWARD);
  } else if (direction == BACKWARD) {
    motorLeft.run(BACKWARD);
    motorRight.run(BACKWARD);
  } else {
    motorLeft.run(RELEASE);
    motorRight.run(RELEASE);
  }
  delay(duration); // Duration of movement
  motorLeft.run(RELEASE);
  motorRight.run(RELEASE); // Stop motors
}

void operateConveyor(int speed, int duration) {
  analogWrite(conveyorMotorPin, speed); // Set conveyor motor speed
  delay(duration); // Duration of conveyor operation
  analogWrite(conveyorMotorPin, 0); // Stop conveyor motor
}

void readSensors() {
  // Read and display weight from HX711