Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit designed to control stepper motors, read from sensors, and manage power distribution. The circuit includes a Raspberry Pi 4B as the main controller, an Arduino Mega 2560 and an ESP32 for additional control and interfacing, stepper drivers for motor control, limit switches for position sensing, a power supply, and various sensors and a relay for input and output operations.

Component List

Raspberry Pi 4B

• A microcomputer with multiple GPIO pins used for controlling the stepper drivers and interfacing with limit switches.

Arduino Mega 2560

• A microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560, with numerous digital and analog I/O pins.

ESP32 - 38 pins

• A microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, used for additional control and interfacing.

Limit Switch (x8)

• A switch that is actuated by the motion of a machine part or presence of an object, used for position sensing.

STEPPER DRIVER (x4)

• A device that drives a stepper motor based on input control signals.

POWER SUPPLY 12V 5AMP

• Provides a 12V DC power output to the stepper drivers and other components.

Stepper Motor (Bipolar) (x4)

• A type of stepper motor with two coils, controlled by the stepper drivers.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• A sensor that measures distance by emitting ultrasonic waves and measuring the time taken for the echo to return.

PIR/Motion Sensor

• A sensor that detects motion based on changes in infrared radiation levels.

Relay module 1 channel

• An electrically operated switch that allows control of a high-power circuit with a low-power signal.

Wiring Details

Raspberry Pi 4B

• GPIO17 connected to DIR+ on a STEPPER DRIVER
• GPIO27 connected to ENA+ on a STEPPER DRIVER
• GPIO22 connected to PUL+ on a STEPPER DRIVER
• GPIO10 connected to PUL+ on another STEPPER DRIVER
• GPIO9 connected to DIR+ on another STEPPER DRIVER
• GPIO11 connected to ENA+ on another STEPPER DRIVER
• GPIO12, GPIO16, GPIO20, GPIO21 connected to C on different Limit Switches
• 5V connected to NO on multiple Limit Switches
• GND connected to NC on multiple Limit Switches

Arduino Mega 2560

• 3V3 connected to 3V3 on ESP32
• D21/SCL, D20/SDA, D19/RX1, D18/TX1, D2 PWM, D3 PWM connected to C on different Limit Switches
• D17 PWM/RX2, D16 PWM/TX2 connected to G17, G16 on ESP32
• D4 PWM, D5 PWM, D6 PWM, D7 PWM, D8 PWM, D11 PWM, D12 PWM, D13 PWM, D22, D23 connected to various STEPPER DRIVER signals and sensors
• 5V connected to VCC on various sensors and relay module
• GND connected to GND on various components

ESP32 - 38 pins

• GND connected to GND on various components
• 5V connected to VCC on various components
• G17, G16 connected to D17 PWM/RX2, D16 PWM/TX2 on Arduino Mega 2560

Limit Switches

• C connected to various control pins on Raspberry Pi 4B and Arduino Mega 2560
• NO connected to 5V on Raspberry Pi 4B
• NC connected to GND on Raspberry Pi 4B

STEPPER DRIVER

• ENA-, DIR-, PUL- connected to GND
• ENA+, DIR+, PUL+ connected to control signals from Raspberry Pi 4B or Arduino Mega 2560
• B-, B+, A-, A+ connected to corresponding pins on Stepper Motors
• VCC connected to 12V-24V Output (DC) from POWER SUPPLY 12V 5AMP
• GND connected to GND on various components

POWER SUPPLY 12V 5AMP

• 12V-24V Output (DC) connected to VCC on STEPPER DRIVERs

Stepper Motors (Bipolar)

• A, B, C, D connected to corresponding pins on STEPPER DRIVERs

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• VCC connected to 5V on Arduino Mega 2560
• TRIG connected to D11 PWM on Arduino Mega 2560
• ECHO connected to D12 PWM on Arduino Mega 2560
• GND connected to GND on Arduino Mega 2560

PIR/Motion Sensor

• VCC connected to 5V on Arduino Mega 2560
• OUTPUT connected to D13 PWM on Arduino Mega 2560
• GND connected to GND on Arduino Mega 2560

Relay module 1 channel

• S connected to D8 PWM on Arduino Mega 2560
• 5V connected to 5V on Arduino Mega 2560
• GND connected to GND on Arduino Mega 2560

Documented Code

Arduino Mega 2560 Code (sketch.ino)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Note: The provided code for the Arduino Mega 2560 is a template with empty setup and loop functions. This code should be populated with the logic required to control the connected components based on the wiring details provided.