Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to integrate various components including an Arduino Nano, LDRs (Light Dependent Resistors), a Micro Servo, a TP4056 battery charger, a solar cell, a rocker switch, and 18650 Li-ion batteries. The circuit is intended to perform light sensing and control a servo motor based on the light intensity. The power management is handled by the TP4056 module, which charges the batteries using a solar cell.

Component List

1. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)

   • Pins: A0, D0, GND, VCC
   • Description: A resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity.
   • Purpose: To sense the ambient light levels.

2. TP4056

   • Pins: OUT-, B-, B+, OUT+, IN-, IN+
   • Description: A lithium battery charger module.
   • Purpose: To charge the 18650 Li-ion batteries using the solar cell.

3. Solar Cell

   • Pins: +, -
   • Description: A device that converts light energy into electrical energy.
   • Purpose: To provide power to the TP4056 module for charging the batteries.

4. Rocker Switch

   • Pins: 1, 2
   • Description: A switch that can toggle between two states.
   • Purpose: To control the power supply to the Arduino Nano.

5. 18650 Li-ion Battery x 2

   • Pins: +, -
   • Description: Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
   • Purpose: To store electrical energy and provide power to the circuit.

6. Arduino Nano

   • Pins: D1/TX, D0/RX, RESET, GND, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11/MOSI, D12/MISO, VIN, 5V, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, A1, A0, AREF, 3V3, D13/SCK
   • Description: A small, complete, and breadboard-friendly microcontroller board.
   • Purpose: To control the servo motor and process the input from the LDRs.

7. Micro Servo 9G

   • Pins: GND, +5V, PWM
   • Description: A small servo motor.
   • Purpose: To perform mechanical movements based on the Arduino Nano's control signals.

8. Diode

   • Pins: cathode, anode
   • Description: A semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
   • Purpose: To prevent reverse current flow from the TP4056 to the solar cell.

Wiring Details

LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)

• GND: Connected to GND of the Arduino Nano, Micro Servo, and another LDR.
• D0: Connected to A1 of the Arduino Nano.
• VCC: Connected to VCC of another LDR and 3V3 of the Arduino Nano.

TP4056

• B-: Connected to the negative terminal of one 18650 Li-ion Battery.
• B+: Connected to the positive terminal of one 18650 Li-ion Battery.
• IN-: Connected to the negative terminal of the Solar Cell.
• IN+: Connected to the cathode of the Diode.
• OUT-: Not connected in this circuit.
• OUT+: Not connected in this circuit.

Solar Cell

• -: Connected to IN- of the TP4056.
• +: Connected to the anode of the Diode.

Rocker Switch

• 1: Connected to VIN of the Arduino Nano.
• 2: Connected to the positive terminal of one 18650 Li-ion Battery.

18650 Li-ion Battery x 2

• -: Connected to GND of the Arduino Nano, Micro Servo, and LDRs.
• +: Connected to the B+ of the TP4056 and pin 2 of the Rocker Switch.

Arduino Nano

• VIN: Connected to pin 1 of the Rocker Switch.
• GND: Connected to GND of the Micro Servo, LDRs, and 18650 Li-ion Battery.
• 5V: Connected to +5V of the Micro Servo.
• 3V3: Connected to VCC of the LDRs.
• A0: Connected to D0 of one LDR.
• A1: Connected to D0 of another LDR.
• D9: Connected to PWM of the Micro Servo.

Micro Servo 9G

• GND: Connected to GND of the Arduino Nano and LDRs.
• +5V: Connected to 5V of the Arduino Nano.
• PWM: Connected to D9 of the Arduino Nano.

Diode

• cathode: Connected to IN+ of the TP4056.
• anode: Connected to the positive terminal of the Solar Cell.

Documented Code

Arduino Nano Code (sketch.ino)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Additional Documentation (documentation.txt)

This documentation provides a comprehensive overview of the circuit, including a summary, detailed component list, wiring details, and the code used in the Arduino Nano.