Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit integrates various components to perform a set of functions that likely involve sensing, actuation, user input, and display capabilities. The circuit includes sensors like a PIR sensor for motion detection and a laser emitter-receiver pair for beam-break detection. An ESP32 microcontroller serves as the central processing unit, interfacing with a keypad, an OLED display, an RFID reader, and an I/O expander. Actuation is handled by a relay module and an electric lock, while a buzzer and LEDs provide user feedback. Power management is achieved through solar panels, a charge controller, UPS battery, and buck converters. The circuit is designed to be powered by a centralized power supply.

Component List

Sensors

• KY-008 Laser Emitter: A module that emits a laser beam.
• PIR Sensor: A motion sensor that detects changes in infrared levels caused by movement.
• Laser Receiver Module: A module that detects the presence of the laser beam from the KY-008 emitter.

Microcontroller

• ESP32 (30 pin): A powerful microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.

User Input

• 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad: A 16-button keypad for user input.

Expansion Module

• PCF8575 IO Expander: An I2C I/O expander that provides additional digital inputs/outputs.

Communication Module

• RFID-RC522: An RFID reader/writer module for contactless communication.

Output Devices

• Buzzer: An audible signaling device.
• LED: Two Pin (green): A green light-emitting diode.
• LED: Two Pin (red): A red light-emitting diode.

Passive Components

• Resistor: Two resistors with a resistance of 220 Ohms, likely used for LED current limiting.

Actuators

• KY-019 Relay Module 1 Channel: A module that controls high power devices with a low power signal.
• Electric Lock: An electromechanical lock.

Power Management

• Solar Panel: A photovoltaic panel that converts sunlight into electrical energy.
• AC Source: An alternating current power source.
• Solar Charge Controller: A device that manages the power going into the battery bank from the solar array.
• UPS BATTERY: An uninterruptible power supply battery.
• Buck Converter: Two modules that step down voltage from a higher level to a lower level.
• Centralized Power Supply: A power supply unit that provides DC power.

Display

• OLED Display 2.42": A small display for visual output.

Miscellaneous

• Custom 1: A custom component with VCC and GND connections.
• Electric Lock: A lock that can be controlled electrically.

Wiring Details

KY-008 Laser Emitter

• SIG connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P03
• 5V connected to Buck Converter OUT+
• GND connected to Buck Converter OUT-

PIR Sensor

• VDD connected to Buck Converter OUT+
• SIG connected to ESP32 D35
• GND connected to Buck Converter OUT-

Laser Receiver Module

• VCC connected to Buck Converter OUT+
• OUTPUT connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P01
• GROUND connected to Buck Converter OUT-

ESP32 (30 pin)

• D34 connected to OLED Display SDA
• D35 connected to PIR Sensor SIG
• D32 connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad C3
• D33 connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad C2
• D25 connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad C1
• D26 connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad R4
• D27 connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad R3
• D14 connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad R2
• D12 connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad R1
• D13 connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad C4
• GND connected to multiple components (common ground)
• Vin connected to OLED Display VCC and KY-019 Relay Module 5V
• D23 connected to OLED Display SCK
• D22 connected to PCF8575 IO Expander SCL
• D21 connected to PCF8575 IO Expander SDA
• D19 connected to KY-019 Relay Module S
• D18 connected to RFID-RC522 SCK
• D5 connected to RFID-RC522 SDA
• D4 connected to RFID-RC522 RST
• D2 connected to RFID-RC522 MISO
• D15 connected to RFID-RC522 MOSI
• 3V3 connected to PCF8575 IO Expander VCC and RFID-RC522 VCC (3.3V)

4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad

• C3 connected to ESP32 D32
• C2 connected to ESP32 D33
• C1 connected to ESP32 D25
• R4 connected to ESP32 D26
• R3 connected to ESP32 D27
• R2 connected to ESP32 D14
• R1 connected to ESP32 D12
• C4 connected to ESP32 D13

PCF8575 IO Expander

• P03 connected to KY-008 Laser Emitter SIG
• P01 connected to Laser Receiver Module OUTPUT
• SCL connected to ESP32 D22
• SDA connected to ESP32 D21
• GND connected to common ground
• VCC connected to ESP32 3V3
• P16 connected to buzzer PIN
• P15 connected to Resistor pin1 (bef891b4)
• P14 connected to Resistor pin1 (b6e7e599)

RFID-RC522

• SCK connected to ESP32 D18
• SDA connected to ESP32 D5
• RST connected to ESP32 D4
• MISO connected to ESP32 D2
• MOSI connected to ESP32 D15
• GND connected to common ground
• VCC (3.3V) connected to ESP32 3V3

Buzzer

• PIN connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P16
• GND connected to common ground

LED: Two Pin (green)

• Cathode connected to common ground
• Anode connected to Resistor pin2 (bef891b4)

LED: Two Pin (red)

• Cathode connected to common ground
• Anode connected to Resistor pin2 (b6e7e599)

Resistor

• Pin1 connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P15 (bef891b4) and P14 (b6e7e599)
• Pin2 connected to LED anodes (green and red)

KY-019 Relay Module 1 Channel

• S connected to ESP32 D19
• 5V connected to ESP32 Vin
• GND connected to common ground
• NC not connected in this documentation
• COM connected to Buck Converter IN+ (080418f8)
• NO connected to Electric Lock VCC

Solar Panel

• + connected to Solar Charge Controller Solar Cell +
• - connected to Solar Charge Controller Solar Cell -

AC Source

• - connected to Centralized Power Supply N
• + connected to Centralized Power Supply L

Solar Charge Controller

• Solar Cell + connected to Solar Panel +
• Solar Cell - connected to Solar Panel -
• Battery + connected to UPS BATTERY VCC
• Battery - connected to UPS BATTERY GND
• Load + connected to Custom 1 vcc
• Load - connected to Custom 1 gnd

UPS BATTERY

• GND connected to Solar Charge Controller Battery -
• VCC connected to Solar Charge Controller Battery +

Buck Converter

• IN+ connected to Custom 1 vcc and KY-019 Relay Module COM
• IN- connected to Custom 1 gnd and Electric Lock GND
• OUT+ connected to various components for power supply
• OUT- connected to common ground

Centralized Power Supply

• L connected to AC Source +
• N connected to AC Source -
• Com not connected in this documentation
• DC - connected to Custom 1 gnd
• dc - connected to Custom 1 gnd
• dc + connected to Custom 1 vcc

Electric Lock

• GND connected to Buck Converter IN- (080418f8)
• VCC connected to KY-019 Relay