Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit involves an Arduino Nano microcontroller interfacing with various sensors, actuators, and power management components. The primary components include photocells (LDRs), resistors, a soil moisture sensor, servos, a DC motor driver, a mini water pump, a buck converter, a TP5100 battery charger, and a 18650 Li-Ion battery. The circuit is designed to read sensor data, control motors and servos, and manage power efficiently.

Component List

Arduino Nano

• Description: A small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328P.
• Pins: D1/TX, D0/RX, RESET, GND, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11/MOSI, D12/MISO, VIN, 5V, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, A1, A0, AREF, 3V3, D13/SCK

Photocell (LDR)

• Description: A light-dependent resistor used to detect light levels.
• Pins: pin 0, pin 1

Resistor

• Description: A 10k Ohm resistor used for current limiting and voltage division.
• Pins: pin1, pin2
• Properties: Resistance: 10k Ohms

GND

• Description: Ground connection.
• Pins: GND

Servo

• Description: A servo motor used for precise control of angular position.
• Pins: gnd, vcc, pulse

Buck Converter

• Description: A DC-DC converter used to step down voltage.
• Pins: IN+, IN-, OUT+, OUT-

TP5100

• Description: A battery charger module for 18650 Li-Ion batteries.
• Pins: B-, B+, IN-, IN+

Soil Moisture Sensor

• Description: A sensor used to measure the moisture level in the soil.
• Pins: VCC, GND, SIG

18650 Li-Ion

• Description: A rechargeable lithium-ion battery.
• Pins: Positive, Negative

DC Mini Metal Gear Motor

• Description: A small DC motor with metal gears for increased durability.
• Pins: IN1, IN2

5V Mini Water Pump

• Description: A small water pump powered by 5V.
• Pins: positive pin, negative pin

L298N DC Motor Driver

• Description: A dual H-bridge motor driver used to control DC motors.
• Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

12V Power Supply

• Description: A power supply providing 12V DC.
• Pins: +, -

Wiring Details

Arduino Nano

• D3 connected to L298N DC motor driver ENB
• D4 connected to L298N DC motor driver IN4
• D5 connected to L298N DC motor driver ENA
• D6 connected to Servo pulse
• D7 connected to L298N DC motor driver IN3
• D9 connected to Servo pulse
• D11/MOSI connected to L298N DC motor driver IN1
• D12/MISO connected to L298N DC motor driver IN2
• GND connected to L298N DC motor driver GND
• A4 connected to Soil Moisture Sensor SIG
• A3 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 and Resistor pin1
• A2 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 and Resistor pin1
• A1 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 and Resistor pin1
• A0 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 and Resistor pin1

Photocell (LDR)

• pin 1 connected to Arduino Nano A3 and Resistor pin1
• pin 1 connected to Arduino Nano A2 and Resistor pin1
• pin 1 connected to Arduino Nano A1 and Resistor pin1
• pin 1 connected to Arduino Nano A0 and Resistor pin1
• pin 0 connected to Soil Moisture Sensor VCC, Photocell (LDR) pin 0, Photocell (LDR) pin 0, Servo vcc, Buck converter OUT+, Servo vcc

Resistor

• pin2 connected to GND
• pin2 connected to GND
• pin2 connected to GND

Servo

• pulse connected to Arduino Nano D6
• pulse connected to Arduino Nano D9
• gnd connected to GND
• gnd connected to GND

Buck Converter

• IN+ connected to 12V power supply +
• IN- connected to 12V power supply -
• OUT- connected to GND

TP5100

• B+ connected to 18650 Li-Ion Positive
• IN- connected to GND
• IN+ connected to 18650 Li-Ion Negative

Soil Moisture Sensor

• SIG connected to Arduino Nano A4
• GND connected to GND

DC Mini Metal Gear Motor

• IN1 connected to L298N DC motor driver OUT1
• IN2 connected to L298N DC motor driver OUT2

5V Mini Water Pump

• positive pin connected to L298N DC motor driver OUT4
• negative pin connected to L298N DC motor driver OUT3

L298N DC Motor Driver

• ENB connected to Arduino Nano D3
• IN4 connected to Arduino Nano D4
• ENA connected to Arduino Nano D5
• IN3 connected to Arduino Nano D7
• IN1 connected to Arduino Nano D11/MOSI
• IN2 connected to Arduino Nano D12/MISO
• GND connected to Arduino Nano GND

Documented Code

Arduino Nano Code (sketch.ino)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Additional Documentation (documentation.txt)