Project Documentation

Solar-Powered ESP32 Security System with RFID and Laser Detection

Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit integrates various components including sensors, a microcontroller, a laser emitter and receiver, an IO expander, an RFID module, an LCD display, a buzzer, LEDs, a relay module, a solenoid lock, a solar panel, an AC source, an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS), a voltage converter, and a diode. The circuit is designed to perform multiple functions, such as detecting motion, reading RFID tags, displaying information, and controlling a solenoid lock. Power management is handled through a combination of solar and AC power sources, with a charge controller and a buck converter to maintain appropriate voltage levels.

Component List

KY-008 Laser Emitter

Pins: SIG, 5v, GND
Description: A module that emits a laser beam.

PIR Sensor

Pins: VDD, SIG, GND
Description: A motion detector sensor that detects the presence of humans or animals.

ESP32 - CAM

Pins: 5V, GND, IO12, IO13, IO15, IO14, IO2, IO4, VOT, VOR, VCC, IO0, IO16, 3V3
Description: A camera module with Wi-Fi capabilities.

Laser Receiver Module

Pins: VCC, OUTPUT, GROUND
Description: A module that detects the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter.

ESP32 (30 pin)

Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, Vin, D23, D22, TX0, RX0, D21, D19, D18, D5, TX2, RX2, D4, D2, D15, 3V3
Description: A microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.

4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad

Pins: R1, R2, R3, R4, C1, C2, C3, C4
Description: A keypad for user input.

PCF8575 IO Expander

Pins: GND, VDD, P00 to P07, P10 to P17, INT, SCL, SDA, VCC
Description: An IO expander to increase the number of IO pins available to the microcontroller.

RFID-RC522

Pins: VCC (3.3V), RST, GND, IRQ, MISO, MOSI, SCK, SDA
Description: An RFID reader module for reading RFID tags.

16X2 LCD

Pins: VSS, VDD, V0, RS, RW, E, D0 to D7, A, K
Description: A liquid crystal display for showing text information.

Buzzer

Pins: PIN, GND
Description: An audio signaling device.

LED: Two Pin (green)

Pins: cathode, anode
Description: A green light-emitting diode.

LED: Two Pin (red)

Pins: cathode, anode
Description: A red light-emitting diode.

Resistor (220 Ohms)

Pins: pin1, pin2
Description: A resistor with a resistance of 220 Ohms.

KY-019 Relay Module 1 Channel

Pins: S, 5V, GND, NC, COM, NO
Description: A relay module for controlling high power devices.

12V Solenoid Lock

Pins: VCC, GND
Description: An electrically controlled lock.

Solar Panel

Pins: +, -
Description: A photovoltaic panel for converting solar energy into electrical energy.

AC Source

Pins: -, +
Description: An alternating current power source.

ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch)

Pins: +, -
Description: A device that automatically switches between power sources.

24/12V Buck

Pins: VIN+, VIN-, 5V, GND
Description: A DC-DC converter that steps down voltage.

Diode

Pins: cathode, anode
Description: A semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction.

Solar Charge Controller

Pins: Solar Cell +, Solar Cell -, Battery +, Battery -, Load +, Load -
Description: A device that controls the charging of a battery from a solar panel and provides load management.

Wiring Details