Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit designed to control multiple motors using an Arduino UNO, an L298N DC motor driver, and an HC-05 Bluetooth module. The circuit is powered by a 18650 Li-Ion battery. The Arduino UNO receives commands via Bluetooth and controls the motors accordingly.

Component List

1. Motor with reducer

   • Description: A motor with an integrated reducer to control speed and torque.
   • Pins: 3 - 6 VCC, GND

2. Arduino UNO

   • Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

3. L298N DC motor driver

   • Description: A dual H-Bridge motor driver module.
   • Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

4. 18650 Li-Ion

   • Description: A rechargeable lithium-ion battery.
   • Pins: Positive, Negative

5. HC-05 Bluetooth Module

   • Description: A Bluetooth module for wireless communication.
   • Pins: Key, VCC, TXD, RXD, State, GND

Wiring Details

Motor with reducer

• Motor 1:

  • 3 - 6 VCC: Connected to OUT4 of L298N DC motor driver
  • GND: Connected to OUT4 of L298N DC motor driver

• Motor 2:

  • 3 - 6 VCC: Connected to OUT3 of L298N DC motor driver
  • GND: Connected to OUT3 of L298N DC motor driver

• Motor 3:

  • 3 - 6 VCC: Connected to OUT1 of L298N DC motor driver
  • GND: Connected to OUT2 of L298N DC motor driver

• Motor 4:

  • 3 - 6 VCC: Connected to OUT1 of L298N DC motor driver
  • GND: Connected to OUT2 of L298N DC motor driver

Arduino UNO

• 5V: Connected to VCC of HC-05 Bluetooth Module
• GND: Connected to GND of HC-05 Bluetooth Module, GND of L298N DC motor driver, and Negative of 18650 Li-Ion battery
• Vin: Connected to Positive of 18650 Li-Ion battery
• D7: Connected to IN4 of L298N DC motor driver
• D6: Connected to IN3 of L298N DC motor driver
• D5: Connected to IN2 of L298N DC motor driver
• D4: Connected to IN1 of L298N DC motor driver
• D1: Connected to RXD of HC-05 Bluetooth Module
• D0: Connected to TXD of HC-05 Bluetooth Module

L298N DC motor driver

• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO and Negative of 18650 Li-Ion battery
• 12V: Connected to Positive of 18650 Li-Ion battery
• OUT4: Connected to 3 - 6 VCC and GND of Motor 1
• OUT3: Connected to 3 - 6 VCC and GND of Motor 2
• OUT1: Connected to 3 - 6 VCC of Motor 3 and Motor 4
• OUT2: Connected to GND of Motor 3 and Motor 4
• IN4: Connected to D7 of Arduino UNO
• IN3: Connected to D6 of Arduino UNO
• IN2: Connected to D5 of Arduino UNO
• IN1: Connected to D4 of Arduino UNO

18650 Li-Ion

• Positive: Connected to 12V of L298N DC motor driver and Vin of Arduino UNO
• Negative: Connected to GND of L298N DC motor driver and GND of Arduino UNO

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO
• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO
• RXD: Connected to D1 of Arduino UNO
• TXD: Connected to D0 of Arduino UNO

Documented Code

char data; // Variable to store received data

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication at 9600 baud rate

  // Set motor control pins as output
  pinMode(7, OUTPUT); 
  pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  if (Serial.available() > 0) {
    data = Serial.read(); // Read received data

    // Control motor movement based on received data
    switch (data) {
      case 'F': // Move Forward
        digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
        digitalWrite(6, LOW);
        digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
        digitalWrite(4, LOW);
        break;
      case 'B': // Move Backward
        digitalWrite(7, LOW);
        digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
        digitalWrite(5, LOW);
        digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
        break;
      case 'R': // Turn Right
        digitalWrite(7, LOW);
        digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
        digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
        digitalWrite(4, LOW);
        break;
      case 'L': // Turn Left
        digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
        digitalWrite(6, LOW);
        digitalWrite(5, LOW);
        digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
        break;
      case 'S': // Stop
        digitalWrite(7, LOW);
        digitalWrite(6, LOW);
        digitalWrite(5, LOW);
        digitalWrite(4, LOW);
        break;
    }
  }
}

This code initializes the serial communication and sets the motor control pins as outputs. It reads data from the Bluetooth module and controls the motors based on the received commands.