Raspberry Pi-Powered Autonomous Robot with Ultrasonic Sensors and DC Motors
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Circuit Documentation
Summary
This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit that includes a 12V battery, a step-down voltage regulator, a Raspberry Pi 5, an L298N DC motor driver, multiple DC motors, and ultrasonic sensors. The circuit is designed to power and control the motors and sensors using the Raspberry Pi, which is powered by the step-down voltage regulator. The ultrasonic sensors are used for distance measurement, and the motors are controlled via the L298N motor driver.
Component List
12V Battery
- Description: Provides the primary power source for the circuit.
- Pins: -, +
5V, 5.5A Step-Down Voltage Regulator D36V50F5
- Description: Converts 12V from the battery to 5V for the Raspberry Pi and other components.
- Pins: PG, EN, VRP, VIN, GND, VOUT
Raspberry Pi 5
- Description: Acts as the main controller for the circuit, handling sensor data and motor control.
- Pins: Type-C, Micro HDMI 1, Micro HDMI 2, Camera 1, Camera 2, PoE, Fan, PCIe, USB 3.0, USB 2.0, Ethernet, 5V, GND, 3.3v, GPIO 14, GPIO 15, GPIO 18, GPIO 23, GPIO 24, GPIO 25, GPIO 8, GPIO 7, GPIO 1, GPIO 12, GPIO 16, GPIO 20, GPIO 21, GPIO 2, GPIO 3, GPIO 4, GPIO 17, GPIO 27, GPIO 22, GPIO 10, GPIO 9, GPIO 11, GPIO 0, GPIO 5, GPIO 6, GPIO 13, GPIO 19, GPIO 26
L298N DC Motor Driver
- Description: Controls the DC motors based on signals from the Raspberry Pi.
- Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB
DC Motor
- Description: Converts electrical energy into mechanical motion.
- Pins: pin 1, pin 2
Ultrasonic Sensor
- Description: Measures distance by using ultrasonic waves.
- Pins: +VCC, Trigger, Echo, GND
Wiring Details
12V Battery
- connected to:
- 5V, 5.5A Step-Down Voltage Regulator D36V50F5 (GND)
- L298N DC motor driver (GND)
+ connected to:
- 5V, 5.5A Step-Down Voltage Regulator D36V50F5 (VIN)
- L298N DC motor driver (12V)
5V, 5.5A Step-Down Voltage Regulator D36V50F5
GND connected to:
- 12V Battery (-)
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GND)
- L298N DC motor driver (GND)
VIN connected to:
- 12V Battery (+)
- L298N DC motor driver (12V)
VOUT connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (5V)
Raspberry Pi 5
GND connected to:
- 5V, 5.5A Step-Down Voltage Regulator D36V50F5 (GND)
- Ultrasonic Sensor (GND) x3
5V connected to:
- 5V, 5.5A Step-Down Voltage Regulator D36V50F5 (VOUT)
- L298N DC motor driver (5V)
- Ultrasonic Sensor (+VCC) x3
GPIO 18 connected to:
- L298N DC motor driver (IN2)
GPIO 23 connected to:
- L298N DC motor driver (IN4)
GPIO 21 connected to:
- Ultrasonic Sensor (Echo) (Instance 3)
GPIO 17 connected to:
- L298N DC motor driver (IN1)
GPIO 22 connected to:
- L298N DC motor driver (IN3)
GPIO 5 connected to:
- Ultrasonic Sensor (Trigger) (Instance 1)
GPIO 6 connected to:
- Ultrasonic Sensor (Echo) (Instance 1)
GPIO 13 connected to:
- Ultrasonic Sensor (Trigger) (Instance 2)
GPIO 19 connected to:
- Ultrasonic Sensor (Echo) (Instance 2)
GPIO 26 connected to:
- Ultrasonic Sensor (Trigger) (Instance 3)
L298N DC Motor Driver
GND connected to:
- 12V Battery (-)
- 5V, 5.5A Step-Down Voltage Regulator D36V50F5 (GND)
12V connected to:
- 12V Battery (+)
- 5V, 5.5A Step-Down Voltage Regulator D36V50F5 (VIN)
5V connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (5V)
IN1 connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GPIO 17)
IN2 connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GPIO 18)
IN3 connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GPIO 22)
IN4 connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GPIO 23)
OUT1 connected to:
- DC Motor (pin 1) (Instance 1)
OUT2 connected to:
- DC Motor (pin 2) (Instance 1)
OUT3 connected to:
- DC Motor (pin 1) (Instance 2)
OUT4 connected to:
- DC Motor (pin 2) (Instance 2)
DC Motor (Instance 1)
pin 1 connected to:
- L298N DC motor driver (OUT1)
pin 2 connected to:
- L298N DC motor driver (OUT2)
DC Motor (Instance 2)
pin 1 connected to:
- L298N DC motor driver (OUT3)
pin 2 connected to:
- L298N DC motor driver (OUT4)
Ultrasonic Sensor (Instance 1)
+VCC connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (5V)
GND connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GND)
Trigger connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GPIO 5)
Echo connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GPIO 6)
Ultrasonic Sensor (Instance 2)
+VCC connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (5V)
GND connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GND)
Trigger connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GPIO 13)
Echo connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GPIO 19)
Ultrasonic Sensor (Instance 3)
+VCC connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (5V)
GND connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GND)
Trigger connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GPIO 26)
Echo connected to:
- Raspberry Pi 5 (GPIO 21)
Code
No code is provided for this circuit.