Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a CNC machine using a joystick module. The X and Y axes of the joystick control the X and Y motors of the CNC machine. An LED is used as an indicator, turning on when the spindle direction is active. The circuit includes a power supply, a CNC shield, stepper motors, a joystick module, an LED, resistors, and an Arduino UNO microcontroller.

Component List

1. NEMA23 Stepper Motor

   • Pins: A+, A-, B+, B-
   • Description: Stepper motor used for precise control of the CNC machine's movement.

2. KY-023 Dual Axis Joystick Module

   • Pins: GND, +5V, VRx, VRy, SW
   • Description: Joystick module used to control the X and Y axes of the CNC machine.

3. CNC Shield V3 Engraving Machine Expansion Board

   • Pins: EN, GND, x.Step, DIR, Y.Step, Z.Step, A.Step, 5V, COM, V+, End Stop X-, End Stop Z+, End Stop Z-, End Stop Y+, End Stop Y-, SpnEN, SpnDir, CoolEn, Abort, Hold, Resume, E-Stop, Y.Motor A+, Y.Motor A-, Y.Motor B+, Y.Motor B-, RST, SDA, SCL, RX, TX, 3V3, X.Motor A+, X.Motor A-, X.Motor B+, X.Motor B-, Z.Motor A+, Z.Motor A-, Z.Motor B+, Z.Motor B-, A.Motor A+, A.Motor A-, A.Motor B+, A.Motor B-, Enable, MS1, MS2, MS3, RESET, Sleep, Step, Direction, VDD, 1B, 1A, 2A, 2B, VMOT, M0, M1, M2, d12, A Drive Step and Direction, Z Drive Module Setp D4, Y Drive Module Setp D3, X Drive Module Setp D2, Set X Drive Module Dir D5, Set Y Drive Module Dir D6, Set Z Drive Module DIR d7, D13
   • Description: Expansion board for controlling the CNC machine.

4. Power Supply

   • Pins: +, -
   • Description: Provides power to the circuit.

5. Resistor

   • Pins: pin1, pin2
   • Description: 220 Ohms resistor used for current limiting.

6. LED: Two Pin (white)

   • Pins: cathode, anode
   • Description: LED used as an indicator.

7. A988 DRIVER

   • Pins: VMOT, GND, 2B, 2A, 1A, 1B, VDD, EN, MS1, MS2, MS3, RST, SLP, STEP, DIR
   • Description: Stepper motor driver.

8. Arduino UNO

   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0
   • Description: Microcontroller used to control the CNC machine.

Wiring Details

NEMA23 Stepper Motor

• A+ connected to Y.Motor A+ on CNC Shield V3
• A- connected to Y.Motor A- on CNC Shield V3
• B+ connected to Y.Motor B+ on CNC Shield V3
• B- connected to Y.Motor B- on CNC Shield V3

KY-023 Dual Axis Joystick Module

• GND connected to GND on CNC Shield V3
• +5V connected to 5V on CNC Shield V3
• VRx connected to Abort on CNC Shield V3
• VRy connected to Hold on CNC Shield V3

CNC Shield V3 Engraving Machine Expansion Board

• EN connected to GND on CNC Shield V3
• GND connected to pin1 on Resistor
• COM connected to - on Power Supply
• V+ connected to + on Power Supply
• SpnDir connected to anode on LED
• Y.Motor A+ connected to A+ on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
• Y.Motor A- connected to A- on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
• Y.Motor B+ connected to B+ on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
• Y.Motor B- connected to B- on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
• X.Motor A+ connected to A+ on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
• X.Motor A- connected to A- on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
• X.Motor B+ connected to B+ on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
• X.Motor B- connected to B- on NEMA23 Stepper Motor

Power Supply

• + connected to V+ on CNC Shield V3
• - connected to COM on CNC Shield V3

Resistor

• pin1 connected to GND on CNC Shield V3
• pin2 connected to cathode on LED

LED: Two Pin (white)

• anode connected to SpnDir on CNC Shield V3
• cathode connected to pin2 on Resistor

Code Documentation

/*
 * Arduino CNC Machine with Joystick Control and LED Indicator
 * This sketch controls a CNC machine using a joystick module. The X and Y axes
 * of the joystick control the X and Y motors of the CNC machine. An LED is used
 * as an indicator, turning on when the spindle direction is active.
 */

// Pin definitions
const int xStepPin = 2;
const int xDirPin = 5;
const int yStepPin = 3;
const int yDirPin = 6;
const int ledPin = 13;
const int joyXPin = A0;
const int joyYPin = A1;

void setup() {
  // Initialize motor control pins
  pinMode(xStepPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(xDirPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(yStepPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(yDirPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
  // Initialize joystick pins
  pinMode(joyXPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(joyYPin, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // Read joystick values
  int joyXVal = analogRead(joyXPin);
  int joyYVal = analogRead(joyYPin);

  // Control X motor
  if (joyXVal > 512) {
    digitalWrite(xDirPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(xStepPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
    digitalWrite(xStepPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
  } else if (joyXVal < 512) {
    digitalWrite(xDirPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(xStepPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
    digitalWrite(xStepPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
  }

  // Control Y motor
  if (joyYVal > 512) {
    digitalWrite(yDirPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(yStepPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
    digitalWrite(yStepPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
  } else if (joyYVal < 512) {
    digitalWrite(yDirPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(yStepPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
    digitalWrite(yStepPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
  }

  // Control LED indicator
  if (joyXVal != 512 || joyYVal != 512) {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  }
}

This code initializes the pins for the motors, joystick, and LED. It reads the joystick values and controls the X and Y motors accordingly. The LED is turned on when the joystick is moved in any direction.