Project Documentation

Arduino CNC Machine with Joystick Control and LED Indicator

Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a CNC machine using a joystick module. The X and Y axes of the joystick control the X and Y motors of the CNC machine. An LED is used as an indicator, turning on when the spindle direction is active. The circuit includes a power supply, a CNC shield, stepper motors, a joystick module, an LED, resistors, and an Arduino UNO microcontroller.

Component List

NEMA23 Stepper Motor
- Pins: A+, A-, B+, B-
- Description: Stepper motor used for precise control of the CNC machine's movement.
KY-023 Dual Axis Joystick Module
- Pins: GND, +5V, VRx, VRy, SW
- Description: Joystick module used to control the X and Y axes of the CNC machine.
CNC Shield V3 Engraving Machine Expansion Board
- Pins: EN, GND, x.Step, DIR, Y.Step, Z.Step, A.Step, 5V, COM, V+, End Stop X-, End Stop Z+, End Stop Z-, End Stop Y+, End Stop Y-, SpnEN, SpnDir, CoolEn, Abort, Hold, Resume, E-Stop, Y.Motor A+, Y.Motor A-, Y.Motor B+, Y.Motor B-, RST, SDA, SCL, RX, TX, 3V3, X.Motor A+, X.Motor A-, X.Motor B+, X.Motor B-, Z.Motor A+, Z.Motor A-, Z.Motor B+, Z.Motor B-, A.Motor A+, A.Motor A-, A.Motor B+, A.Motor B-, Enable, MS1, MS2, MS3, RESET, Sleep, Step, Direction, VDD, 1B, 1A, 2A, 2B, VMOT, M0, M1, M2, d12, A Drive Step and Direction, Z Drive Module Setp D4, Y Drive Module Setp D3, X Drive Module Setp D2, Set X Drive Module Dir D5, Set Y Drive Module Dir D6, Set Z Drive Module DIR d7, D13
- Description: Expansion board for controlling the CNC machine.
Power Supply
- Pins: +, -
- Description: Provides power to the circuit.
Resistor
- Pins: pin1, pin2
- Description: 220 Ohms resistor used for current limiting.
LED: Two Pin (white)
- Pins: cathode, anode
- Description: LED used as an indicator.
A988 DRIVER
- Pins: VMOT, GND, 2B, 2A, 1A, 1B, VDD, EN, MS1, MS2, MS3, RST, SLP, STEP, DIR
- Description: Stepper motor driver.
Arduino UNO
- Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0
- Description: Microcontroller used to control the CNC machine.

Wiring Details

NEMA23 Stepper Motor

A+ connected to Y.Motor A+ on CNC Shield V3
A- connected to Y.Motor A- on CNC Shield V3
B+ connected to Y.Motor B+ on CNC Shield V3
B- connected to Y.Motor B- on CNC Shield V3

KY-023 Dual Axis Joystick Module

GND connected to GND on CNC Shield V3
+5V connected to 5V on CNC Shield V3
VRx connected to Abort on CNC Shield V3
VRy connected to Hold on CNC Shield V3

CNC Shield V3 Engraving Machine Expansion Board

EN connected to GND on CNC Shield V3
GND connected to pin1 on Resistor
COM connected to - on Power Supply
V+ connected to + on Power Supply
SpnDir connected to anode on LED
Y.Motor A+ connected to A+ on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
Y.Motor A- connected to A- on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
Y.Motor B+ connected to B+ on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
Y.Motor B- connected to B- on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
X.Motor A+ connected to A+ on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
X.Motor A- connected to A- on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
X.Motor B+ connected to B+ on NEMA23 Stepper Motor
X.Motor B- connected to B- on NEMA23 Stepper Motor

Power Supply

+ connected to V+ on CNC Shield V3
- connected to COM on CNC Shield V3

Resistor

pin1 connected to GND on CNC Shield V3
pin2 connected to cathode on LED

LED: Two Pin (white)

anode connected to SpnDir on CNC Shield V3
cathode connected to pin2 on Resistor

Code Documentation

/*
 * Arduino CNC Machine with Joystick Control and LED Indicator
 * This sketch controls a CNC machine using a joystick module. The X and Y axes
 * of the joystick control the X and Y motors of the CNC machine. An LED is used
 * as an indicator, turning on when the spindle direction is active.
 */

// Pin definitions
const int xStepPin = 2;
const int xDirPin = 5;
const int yStepPin = 3;
const int yDirPin = 6;
const int ledPin = 13;
const int joyXPin = A0;
const int joyYPin = A1;

void setup() {
  // Initialize motor control pins
  pinMode(xStepPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(xDirPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(yStepPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(yDirPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
  // Initialize joystick pins
  pinMode(joyXPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(joyYPin, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // Read joystick values
  int joyXVal = analogRead(joyXPin);
  int joyYVal = analogRead(joyYPin);

  // Control X motor
  if (joyXVal > 512) {
    digitalWrite(xDirPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(xStepPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
    digitalWrite(xStepPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
  } else if (joyXVal < 512) {
    digitalWrite(xDirPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(xStepPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
    digitalWrite(xStepPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
  }

  // Control Y motor
  if (joyYVal > 512) {
    digitalWrite(yDirPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(yStepPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
    digitalWrite(yStepPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
  } else if (joyYVal < 512) {
    digitalWrite(yDirPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(yStepPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
    digitalWrite(yStepPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(1000);
  }

  // Control LED indicator
  if (joyXVal != 512 || joyYVal != 512) {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  }
}

This code initializes the pins for the motors, joystick, and LED. It reads the joystick values and controls the X and Y motors accordingly. The LED is turned on when the joystick is moved in any direction.