ESP32-Controlled Security System with RFID, PIR, and Laser Modules

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit integrates various components to perform a set of functions that likely involve sensing, actuation, user input, and display capabilities. The circuit includes sensors like a PIR sensor for motion detection and a laser emitter-receiver pair for beam-break detection. An ESP32 microcontroller serves as the central processing unit, interfacing with a keypad for user input, an OLED display for visual output, an RFID reader for identification tasks, and an IO expander to extend the number of available GPIOs. Actuation is handled by a relay module, and a buzzer provides audio feedback. The circuit is powered by a combination of a solar panel with a charge controller and a UPS battery, with voltage regulation provided by buck converters. An electric lock can be controlled, presumably for access control purposes. The circuit also includes LEDs with current-limiting resistors for status indication.

Component List

KY-008 Laser Emitter

Pins: SIG, 5v, GND
Description: A laser emitter module used for emitting a laser beam.

PIR Sensor

Pins: VDD, SIG, GND
Description: A motion sensor that detects changes in infrared levels caused by movement.

Laser Receiver Module

Pins: VCC, OUTPUT, GROUND
Description: A module that detects the presence of a laser beam.

ESP32 (30 pin)

Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, Vin, D23, D22, TX0, RX0, D21, D19, D18, D5, TX2, RX2, D4, D2, D15, 3V3
Description: A microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities for controlling various functions of the circuit.

4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad

Pins: R1, R2, R3, R4, C1, C2, C3, C4
Description: A keypad that allows user input through multiple keys.

PCF8575 IO Expander

Pins: GND, VDD, P00 to P07, P10 to P17, INT, SCL, SDA, VCC
Description: An integrated circuit that expands the number of IO pins available to the microcontroller.

RFID-RC522

Pins: VCC (3.3V), RST, GND, IRQ, MISO, MOSI, SCK, SDA
Description: An RFID reader module for reading RFID tags.

Buzzer

Pins: PIN, GND
Description: An audio signaling device that emits a tone when powered.

LED: Two Pin (green)

Pins: cathode, anode
Description: A green LED for visual indication.

LED: Two Pin (red)

Pins: cathode, anode
Description: A red LED for visual indication.

Resistor (220 Ohms)

Pins: pin1, pin2
Description: A resistor with a resistance of 220 Ohms, likely used for current limiting.

KY-019 Relay Module 1 Channel

Pins: S, 5V, GND, NC, COM, NO
Description: A relay module for controlling high power or high voltage devices.

Solar Panel

Pins: +, -
Description: A photovoltaic panel for converting solar energy into electrical energy.

AC Source

Pins: -, +
Description: An alternating current power source.

Solar Charge Controller

Pins: Solar Cell +, Solar Cell -, Battery +, Battery -, Load +, Load -
Description: A device that controls the charging of a battery from a solar panel and regulates the power to the load.

UPS BATTERY

Pins: GND, VCC
Description: An uninterruptible power supply battery for backup power.

Buck Converter

Pins: IN+, IN-, OUT+, OUT-
Description: A voltage regulator that steps down voltage from a higher level to a lower level.

OLED Display 2.42"

Pins: GND, VCC, SCK, SDA, RES, DC, CS
Description: An OLED display for visual output.

Centralized Power Supply

Pins: L, N, com, DC -, dc -, dc +
Description: A power supply unit that provides centralized power distribution.

Electric Lock

Pins: GND, VCC
Description: An electronic lock that can be controlled to secure access to an area.

Custom Component 1

Pins: vcc, gnd
Description: A custom component with power connections.

Wiring Details