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ESP32-Controlled Security System with RFID, PIR, and Laser Modules

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit integrates various components to perform a set of functions that likely involve sensing, actuation, user input, and display capabilities. The circuit includes sensors like a PIR sensor for motion detection and a laser emitter-receiver pair for beam-break detection. An ESP32 microcontroller serves as the central processing unit, interfacing with a keypad for user input, an OLED display for visual output, an RFID reader for identification tasks, and an IO expander to extend the number of available GPIOs. Actuation is handled by a relay module, and a buzzer provides audio feedback. The circuit is powered by a combination of a solar panel with a charge controller and a UPS battery, with voltage regulation provided by buck converters. An electric lock can be controlled, presumably for access control purposes. The circuit also includes LEDs with current-limiting resistors for status indication.

Component List

KY-008 Laser Emitter

  • Pins: SIG, 5v, GND
  • Description: A laser emitter module used for emitting a laser beam.

PIR Sensor

  • Pins: VDD, SIG, GND
  • Description: A motion sensor that detects changes in infrared levels caused by movement.

Laser Receiver Module

  • Pins: VCC, OUTPUT, GROUND
  • Description: A module that detects the presence of a laser beam.

ESP32 (30 pin)

  • Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, Vin, D23, D22, TX0, RX0, D21, D19, D18, D5, TX2, RX2, D4, D2, D15, 3V3
  • Description: A microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities for controlling various functions of the circuit.

4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad

  • Pins: R1, R2, R3, R4, C1, C2, C3, C4
  • Description: A keypad that allows user input through multiple keys.

PCF8575 IO Expander

  • Pins: GND, VDD, P00 to P07, P10 to P17, INT, SCL, SDA, VCC
  • Description: An integrated circuit that expands the number of IO pins available to the microcontroller.

RFID-RC522

  • Pins: VCC (3.3V), RST, GND, IRQ, MISO, MOSI, SCK, SDA
  • Description: An RFID reader module for reading RFID tags.

Buzzer

  • Pins: PIN, GND
  • Description: An audio signaling device that emits a tone when powered.

LED: Two Pin (green)

  • Pins: cathode, anode
  • Description: A green LED for visual indication.

LED: Two Pin (red)

  • Pins: cathode, anode
  • Description: A red LED for visual indication.

Resistor (220 Ohms)

  • Pins: pin1, pin2
  • Description: A resistor with a resistance of 220 Ohms, likely used for current limiting.

KY-019 Relay Module 1 Channel

  • Pins: S, 5V, GND, NC, COM, NO
  • Description: A relay module for controlling high power or high voltage devices.

Solar Panel

  • Pins: +, -
  • Description: A photovoltaic panel for converting solar energy into electrical energy.

AC Source

  • Pins: -, +
  • Description: An alternating current power source.

Solar Charge Controller

  • Pins: Solar Cell +, Solar Cell -, Battery +, Battery -, Load +, Load -
  • Description: A device that controls the charging of a battery from a solar panel and regulates the power to the load.

UPS BATTERY

  • Pins: GND, VCC
  • Description: An uninterruptible power supply battery for backup power.

Buck Converter

  • Pins: IN+, IN-, OUT+, OUT-
  • Description: A voltage regulator that steps down voltage from a higher level to a lower level.

OLED Display 2.42"

  • Pins: GND, VCC, SCK, SDA, RES, DC, CS
  • Description: An OLED display for visual output.

Centralized Power Supply

  • Pins: L, N, com, DC -, dc -, dc +
  • Description: A power supply unit that provides centralized power distribution.

Electric Lock

  • Pins: GND, VCC
  • Description: An electronic lock that can be controlled to secure access to an area.

Custom Component 1

  • Pins: vcc, gnd
  • Description: A custom component with power connections.

Wiring Details

KY-008 Laser Emitter

  • SIG: Connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P03
  • 5v: Connected to Buck Converter OUT+
  • GND: Common ground net

PIR Sensor

  • VDD: Connected to Buck Converter OUT+
  • SIG: Connected to ESP32 D35
  • GND: Common ground net

Laser Receiver Module

  • VCC: Connected to Buck Converter OUT+
  • OUTPUT: Connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P01
  • GROUND: Common ground net

ESP32 (30 pin)

  • D34: Connected to OLED Display SDA
  • D35: Connected to PIR Sensor SIG
  • D32: Connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad C3
  • D33: Connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad C2
  • D25: Connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad C1
  • D26: Connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad R4
  • D27: Connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad R3
  • D14: Connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad R2
  • D12: Connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad R1
  • D13: Connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad C4
  • GND: Common ground net
  • Vin: Connected to KY-019 Relay Module 5V
  • D23: Connected to OLED Display SCK
  • D22: Connected to PCF8575 IO Expander SCL
  • D21: Connected to PCF8575 IO Expander SDA
  • D19: Connected to KY-019 Relay Module S
  • D18: Connected to RFID-RC522 SCK
  • D5: Connected to RFID-RC522 SDA
  • D4: Connected to RFID-RC522 RST
  • D2: Connected to RFID-RC522 MISO
  • D15: Connected to RFID-RC522 MOSI
  • 3V3: Connected to RFID-RC522 VCC (3.3V) and PCF8575 IO Expander VCC

4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad

  • R1: Connected to ESP32 D12
  • R2: Connected to ESP32 D14
  • R3: Connected to ESP32 D27
  • R4: Connected to ESP32 D26
  • C1: Connected to ESP32 D25
  • C2: Connected to ESP32 D33
  • C3: Connected to ESP32 D32
  • C4: Connected to ESP32 D13

PCF8575 IO Expander

  • P03: Connected to KY-008 Laser Emitter SIG
  • P01: Connected to Laser Receiver Module OUTPUT
  • SCL: Connected to ESP32 D22
  • SDA: Connected to ESP32 D21
  • GND: Common ground net
  • VCC: Connected to ESP32 3V3
  • P16: Connected to Buzzer PIN
  • P15: Connected to Resistor pin1 (220 Ohms)
  • P14: Connected to Resistor pin1 (220 Ohms)

RFID-RC522

  • SCK: Connected to ESP32 D18
  • SDA: Connected to ESP32 D5
  • RST: Connected to ESP32 D4
  • MISO: Connected to ESP32 D2
  • MOSI: Connected to ESP32 D15
  • GND: Common ground net
  • VCC (3.3V): Connected to ESP32 3V3

Buzzer

  • PIN: Connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P16
  • GND: Common ground net

LED: Two Pin (green)

  • cathode: Common ground net
  • anode: Connected to Resistor pin2 (220 Ohms)

LED: Two Pin (red)

  • cathode: Common ground net
  • anode: Connected to Resistor pin2 (220 Ohms)

Resistor (220 Ohms)

  • pin1: Connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P15 (green LED) and P14 (red LED)
  • pin2: Connected to LED anodes

KY-019 Relay Module 1 Channel

  • S: Connected to ESP32 D19
  • 5V: Connected to ESP32 Vin
  • GND: Common ground net
  • COM: Connected to Buck Converter IN+
  • NO: Connected to Electric Lock VCC

Solar Panel

  • +: Connected to Solar Charge Controller Solar Cell +
  • -: Connected to Solar Charge Controller Solar Cell -

AC Source

  • -: Connected to Centralized Power Supply N
  • +: Connected to Central