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ESP32-Based Automated Landing Gear System with Ultrasonic Sensor and LCD Display

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a landing gear system using an ESP32 microcontroller. The system includes an ultrasonic sensor to measure distance, a toggle switch for manual control, two servos to actuate the landing gear, and a 16x2 LCD display to show the status and distance measurements. The components are interconnected to achieve the desired functionality, and the ESP32 is programmed to manage the operations.

Component List

  1. 16X2 LCD

    • Description: A 16x2 character LCD display.
    • Pins: VSS, VDD, V0, RS, RW, E, D1, D0, D2, D3, D4, D6, D5, D7, A, K

  2. Toggle Switch SPST

    • Description: A single-pole single-throw toggle switch.
    • Pins: L1, COM

  3. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

    • Description: An ultrasonic distance sensor.
    • Pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND

  4. MG996R Servo Motor (2 units)

    • Description: A high-torque servo motor.
    • Pins: GND, VCC, SIG

  5. Limit Switch

    • Description: A mechanical limit switch.
    • Pins: C, NO, NC

  6. ESP32

    • Description: A powerful microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.
    • Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, VIN, 3V3, D15, D2, D4, RX2, TX2, D5, D18, D19, D21, RX0, TX0, D22, D23, BOOT

  7. LCM1602 IIC

    • Description: An I2C interface for the 16x2 LCD display.
    • Pins: GND, VCC, SDA, SCL, D6, D7, A, K, VSS, VDD, V0, RS, D2, D3, D4, D5, RW, E, D0, D1, LED_A, LED_B

Wiring Details

16X2 LCD

Toggle Switch SPST

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

MG996R Servo Motor (1)

MG996R Servo Motor (2)

ESP32

LCM1602 IIC

Code Documentation

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <ESP32Servo.h>

// Pin definitions
#define TRIG_PIN 5
#define ECHO_PIN 18
#define SWITCH_PIN 2
#define SERVO1_PIN 4
#define SERVO2_PIN 12
#define I2C_SDA 21
#define I2C_SCL 22

// Create objects
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
Servo servo1;
Servo servo2;

void setup() {
  // Initialize serial communication
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // Initialize LCD
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
  lcd.backlight();
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Landing Gear");

  // Initialize ultrasonic sensor pins
  pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);

  // Initialize switch pin
  pinMode(SWITCH_PIN, INPUT);

  // Attach servos
  servo1.attach(SERVO1_PIN);
  servo2.attach(SERVO2_PIN);

  // Set initial servo positions
  servo1.write(0); // Retracted
  servo2.write(0); // Retracted
}

void loop() {
  // Read distance from ultrasonic sensor
  long duration, distance;
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
  duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH);
  distance = (duration / 2) / 29.1;

  // Display distance on LCD
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Dist: ");
  lcd.print(distance);
  lcd.print(" cm");

  // Check switch state
  int switchState = digitalRead(SWITCH_PIN);

  // Control servos based on distance and switch state
  if (switchState == HIGH || distance < 10) {
    // Extend landing gear
    servo1.write(90);
    servo2.write(90);
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Gear: Extended");
  } else {
    // Retract landing gear
    servo1.write(0);
    servo2.write(0);
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Gear: Retracted");
  }

  delay(100);
}

This code initializes the components, reads the distance from the ultrasonic sensor, displays the distance on the LCD, and controls the servos based on the distance and the state of the toggle switch. The servos extend or retract the landing gear accordingly.