Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control multiple DC motors and LEDs using an Arduino Nano as the central microcontroller. The circuit includes relay modules to switch the motors and LEDs on and off, a step-down buck converter to regulate voltage, a pushbutton to trigger actions, and resistors to limit current. The Arduino Nano interfaces with the relay modules to control the connected devices based on the input from the pushbutton.

Component List

Arduino Nano

• Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
• It has a variety of digital and analog I/O pins.

Relay 4 Channel 5v

• A 4-channel relay module that can control up to four different devices.
• Each channel has a Normally Open (NO) and Normally Closed (NC) connection.

Step down Buck Converter

• A voltage regulator that steps down input voltage to a lower output voltage.
• It has input and output connections with positive and negative terminals.

Pushbutton

• A simple switch mechanism for controlling some aspect of a machine or a process.

Resistor (1k Ohm)

• A passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

Two Channel Relay 5v

• A 2-channel relay module similar to the 4-channel version but with two channels.

DC Motor

• An electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity.

12v Battery

• A battery with a nominal voltage of 12 volts, used as the power source for the circuit.

LED: Two Pin (white)

• A basic white LED with an anode and cathode for emitting light when powered.

Wiring Details

Arduino Nano

• D3 connected to Relay 4 Channel 5v IN1
• D4 connected to Relay 4 Channel 5v IN2
• D5 connected to Relay 4 Channel 5v IN3
• D6 connected to Relay 4 Channel 5v IN4
• D7 connected to Pushbutton Pin 2 through a 1k Ohm Resistor
• D10 connected to Two Channel Relay 5v IN1
• VIN connected to Step down Buck Converter OUT +
• GND connected to common ground net

Relay 4 Channel 5v

• VCC connected to Step down Buck Converter OUT +
• GND connected to common ground net
• COM1 to COM4 connected to respective DC Motor pin 1
• NO1 to NO4 connected to 12v Battery +
• NC1 to NC4 connected to 12v Battery -

Step down Buck Converter

• OUT + connected to Arduino Nano VIN, Two Channel Relay 5v VCC, and Relay 4 Channel 5v VCC
• OUT - GND connected to common ground net

Pushbutton

• Pin 2 connected to Arduino Nano D7 through a 1k Ohm Resistor
• Pin 3 connected to Step down Buck Converter OUT +

Resistor (1k Ohm)

• One side connected to Pushbutton Pin 2
• Other side connected to Arduino Nano D7

Two Channel Relay 5v

• IN1 connected to Arduino Nano D10
• VCC connected to Step down Buck Converter OUT +
• GND connected to common ground net
• C1 connected to 12v Battery +

DC Motor

• pin 1 of each motor connected to respective COM pin on Relay 4 Channel 5v
• pin 2 of each motor connected to respective COM pin on Relay 4 Channel 5v

12v Battery

• + connected to NO pins on Relay 4 Channel 5v and C1 on Two Channel Relay 5v
• - connected to NC pins on Relay 4 Channel 5v

LED: Two Pin (white)

• Not explicitly connected in the provided net list.

Documented Code

Arduino Nano Code (sketch.ino)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Note: The provided code is a template and does not contain any functional code to control the circuit. The user must implement the control logic within the setup() and loop() functions.