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ESP32-Based Smart Environmental Monitoring System with Wi-Fi Connectivity

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to monitor environmental conditions using various sensors and control a traffic light and a fan based on the sensor readings. The ESP32 microcontroller is the central unit that reads data from the sensors, processes it, and controls the traffic light and fan. The data is also sent to a Firebase database for remote monitoring.

Component List

  1. ESP32

    • Description: A powerful microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.
    • Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, VIN, 3V3, D15, D2, D4, RX2, TX2, D5, D18, D19, D21, RX0, TX0, D22, D23, BOOT

  2. Moisture Sensor

    • Description: Measures soil moisture levels.
    • Pins: 5v+, GND, A0

  3. BMP180

    • Description: A barometric pressure sensor.
    • Pins: 3.3, SDA, SCL, GND, VCC

  4. Traffic Light

    • Description: A simple traffic light with red, yellow, and green LEDs.
    • Pins: Green, Yellow, Red, GND

  5. 120 Fan 12V

    • Description: A 12V fan for cooling purposes.
    • Pins: 12V+, GND

  6. BH1750

    • Description: A light intensity sensor.
    • Pins: VCC, GND, SCL, SDA, ADDR

  7. Power Supply 24V

    • Description: Provides 24V DC power from an AC source.
    • Pins: 220V Positive Pole (AC), 220V Negative Pole (AC), GND, GND (DC), 12V-24V Output (DC)

  8. DHT22

    • Description: Measures temperature and humidity.
    • Pins: +, Out, -

  9. 2 Channel Relay Module

    • Description: Controls high voltage devices using low voltage signals.
    • Pins: N.O. 2, COM 2, N.C. 2, N.O. 1, COM 1, N.C. 1, pin 7, pin 8, pin 9, pin 10, pin 11, pin 12, VCC+, VCC- (GND), IN 1, IN 2

Wiring Details

ESP32

Moisture Sensor

BMP180

Traffic Light

120 Fan 12V

BH1750

Power Supply 24V

DHT22

2 Channel Relay Module

Code Documentation

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <Firebase_ESP_Client.h>
#include <DHT11.h>
#include <Wire.h>  // For I2C communication
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <Adafruit_BMP085_U.h>  // BMP180 library

// Wi-Fi credentials
const char* ssid = "OPPO Reno5";
const char* password = "zyad@2020";

// Firebase project configuration
#define FIREBASE_PROJECT_ID "brick-system-bf594"
#define FIREBASE_API_KEY "AIzaSyC2Rq9AKZ6GE878ru0fzwwwzok_LyGiww0"

// DHT11 settings
#define DHTPIN 4    // GPIO pin connected to the DHT11
DHT11 dht(DHTPIN);  // Create DHT11 object

// Soil moisture sensor settings
#define SOIL_MOISTURE_PIN 35  // Analog pin connected to soil moisture sensor

// BMP180 settings
Adafruit_BMP085_Unified bmp;

// Firebase configurations
FirebaseData fbdo;
FirebaseAuth auth;
FirebaseConfig config;

// Global variables
String sessionDocumentId;
int sensorReadingId = 1;  // Incremental ID for each sensor reading

// Traffic light settings
const int buzzerPin = 23;
const int tempRedLedPin = 25;
const int tempYellowLedPin = 26;
const int tempGreenLedPin = 27;
const int moistureRedLedPin = 32;
const int moistureYellowLedPin = 33;
const int moistureGreenLedPin = 14;

// Function to synchronize the ESP32's time with NTP
void setupTime() {
  configTime(0, 0, "pool.ntp.org", "time.nist.gov");
  Serial.print("Waiting for time sync...");
  while (!time(nullptr)) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println("\nTime synchronized");
}

// Function to get the current ISO 8601 timestamp in UTC
String getIso8601Timestamp() {
  time_t now = time(nullptr);
  struct tm* timeinfo = gmtime(&now);  // Use gmtime for UTC
  char buffer[25];
  strftime(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ", timeinfo);  // UTC timestamp ends with 'Z'
  return String(buffer);
}

// Function to create a new session document in Firestore
void createNewSession() {
  String documentPath = "sessions/session_" + String(millis());  // Unique session ID
  sessionDocumentId = documentPath;

  FirebaseJson sessionData;
  sessionData.set("fields/startTime/timestampValue", getIso8601Timestamp());

  if (Firebase.Firestore.createDocument(&fbdo, FIREBASE_PROJECT_ID, "", documentPath.c_str(), sessionData.raw())) {
    Serial.println("New session created: " + documentPath);
  } else {
    Serial.print("Failed to create session: ");
    Serial.println(fbdo.errorReason());
  }
}

// Function to store sensor data in Firestore
void storeSensorData(const String & sensorName, FirebaseJson& data) {
  String documentPath = sessionDocumentId + "/" + sensorName + "/reading_" + String(sensorReadingId++);

  if (Firebase.Firestore.createDocument(&fbdo, FIREBASE_PROJECT_ID, "", documentPath.c_str(), data.raw())) {
    Serial.println(sensorName + " data stored successfully at " + documentPath);
  } else {
    Serial.print("Failed