Project Documentation

Arduino UNO Controlled Environment Monitoring System with OLED Display and Motorized Alert Mechanism

Circuit Documentation

Summary

The circuit in question is designed to interface an Arduino UNO with a variety of sensors, actuators, and a display. The primary components include an OLED display for output, a DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity measurements, IR sensors for object detection, a flame sensor for fire detection, LEDs for visual indication, a buzzer for audio alerts, and a L298N motor driver to control two DC motors. The Arduino UNO serves as the central processing unit, running embedded code to interact with the connected components, process sensor data, and control the actuators based on the sensor inputs.

Component List

Arduino UNO

Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
Used as the main controller for the circuit

L298N DC Motor Driver

Module for controlling up to two DC motors
Provides the ability to drive the motors in both directions

DC Motors (x2)

Converts electrical energy into mechanical motion
Connected to the L298N motor driver

Buzzer

Emits an audible alert when activated
Used for audio notifications in the circuit

LEDs (x2, white)

Provides visual indication
Used to signal various states in the circuit

Flame Sensor

Detects the presence of a flame or fire
Used for fire detection and safety measures

DHT11

Sensor for measuring temperature and humidity
Provides environmental data to the Arduino UNO

OLED 1.3" Display

Screen for displaying text and graphics
Used to output sensor readings and status information

Battery (12V)

Power source for the motor driver and motors

IR Sensors (x2)

Detects proximity or presence of objects
Used for object detection and avoidance

Wiring Details

OLED 1.3" Display

SCL connected to Arduino UNO A4
SDA connected to Arduino UNO A5
GND connected to common ground
VCC connected to 5V power supply

IR Sensors

out of first IR sensor connected to Arduino UNO D12
out of second IR sensor connected to Arduino UNO D11
gnd connected to common ground
vcc connected to 5V power supply

DHT11

DATA connected to Arduino UNO D10
GND connected to common ground
VCC connected to 5V power supply

Flame Sensor

D0 connected to Arduino UNO D9
GND connected to common ground
VCC connected to 5V power supply

Buzzer

PIN connected to Arduino UNO D8
GND connected to common ground

LEDs

anode of first LED connected to Arduino UNO D7
anode of second LED connected to Arduino UNO D6
cathode connected to common ground

L298N DC Motor Driver

IN1 connected to Arduino UNO D2
IN2 connected to Arduino UNO D3
IN3 connected to Arduino UNO D4
IN4 connected to Arduino UNO D5
OUT1 connected to first DC Motor pin 1
OUT2 connected to first DC Motor pin 2
OUT3 connected to second DC Motor pin 2
OUT4 connected to second DC Motor pin 1
12V connected to 12V battery +
GND connected to common ground
5V connected to 5V power supply

Battery (12V)

+ connected to L298N DC motor driver 12V
- connected to common ground

Documented Code

#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

// OLED display settings
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64
#define OLED_RESET -1
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET);

// DHT11 settings
#define DHTPIN 10
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

// Flame sensor pin
#define FLAME_SENSOR_PIN 9

// Buzzer pin
#define BUZZER_PIN 8

// LED pins
#define LED1_PIN 7
#define LED2_PIN 6

// L298N motor driver pins
#define IN1_PIN 2
#define IN2_PIN 3
#define IN3_PIN 4
#define IN4_PIN 5

// IR sensor pins
#define IR_SENSOR1_PIN 11
#define IR_SENSOR2_PIN 12

void setup() {
  // Initialize serial communication
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Initialize OLED display
  if (!display.begin(SSD1306_I2C_ADDRESS, OLED_RESET)) {
    Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));
    for (;;);
  }
  display.display();
  delay(2000);
  display.clearDisplay();

  // Initialize DHT11 sensor
  dht.begin();

  // Initialize flame sensor pin
  pinMode(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);

  // Initialize buzzer pin
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);

  // Initialize LED pins
  pinMode(LED1_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED2_PIN, OUTPUT);

  // Initialize motor driver pins
  pinMode(IN1_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(IN2_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(IN3_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(IN4_PIN, OUTPUT);

  // Initialize IR sensor pins
  pinMode(IR_SENSOR1_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(IR_SENSOR2_PIN, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // Read DHT11 sensor data
  float humidity = dht.readHumidity();
  float temperature = dht.readTemperature();

  // Read flame sensor data
  int flameSensorValue = digitalRead(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN);

  // Read IR sensor data
  int irSensor1Value = digitalRead(IR_SENSOR1_PIN);
  int irSensor2Value = digitalRead(IR_SENSOR2_PIN);

  // Display data on OLED
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextSize(1);
  display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);
  display.setCursor(0, 0);
  display.print("Temp: ");
  display.print(temperature);
  display.print(" C");
  display.setCursor(0, 10);
  display.print("Humidity: ");
  display.print(humidity);
  display.print(" %");
  display.setCursor(0, 20);
  display.print("Flame: ");
  display.print(flameSensorValue ? "No" : "Yes");
  display.setCursor(0, 30);
  display.print("IR1: ");
  display.print(irSensor1Value ? "No" : "Yes");
  display.setCursor(0, 40);
  display.print("IR2: ");
  display.print(irSensor2Value ? "No" : "Yes");
  display.display();

  // Control buzzer based on flame sensor
  if (flameSensorValue == LOW) {
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
  }

  // Control LEDs based on IR sensors
  digitalWrite(LED1_PIN, irSensor1Value == LOW ? HIGH : LOW);
  digitalWrite(LED2_PIN, irSensor2Value == LOW ? HIGH : LOW);

  // Control motors (example: forward motion)
  digitalWrite(IN1_PIN, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(IN2_PIN, LOW);
  digitalWrite(IN3_PIN, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(IN4_PIN, LOW);

  delay(1000);
}

How to Upload Code

To upload the code to your Arduino UNO, follow these steps:

Install the Arduino IDE:
- If you haven't already, download and install the Arduino IDE from the official Arduino website.
Connect the Arduino UNO:
- Connect your Arduino UNO to your computer using a USB cable.
Open the Arduino IDE:
- Launch the Arduino IDE on your computer.
Create a New Sketch:
- Go to File > New to create a new sketch.
Copy and Paste the Code:
- Copy the provided code and paste it into the new sketch window in the Arduino IDE.
Install Required Libraries:
- The code uses the Adafruit_GFX and Adafruit_SSD1306 libraries for the OLED display and the DHT library for the DHT11 sensor. You need to install these libraries if you haven't already.
- Go to Sketch > Include Library > Manage Libraries...
- In the Library Manager, search for Adafruit GFX and Adafruit SSD1306, then click Install for both.
- Similarly, search for DHT sensor library and click Install.
Select the Board and Port:
- Go to Tools > Board and select Arduino/Genuino UNO.
- Go to Tools > Port and select the port to which your Arduino UNO is connected (e.g., COM3 on Windows or /dev/tty.usbmodem14101 on macOS).
Upload the Code:
- Click the Upload button (right arrow icon) in the Arduino IDE toolbar.