Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to interface various sensors and modules with an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. It includes motor drivers for controlling hobby motors, a current sensor for monitoring electrical current, a GPS module for location tracking, an ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement, RF communication modules for wireless data transmission, and an MPU-6050 for motion sensing. The circuit is powered by a 18650 Li-ion battery pack and includes necessary passive components like resistors and capacitors for stable operation.

Component List

Microcontroller

• Arduino Mega 2560: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 with numerous digital and analog I/O pins.

Sensors and Modules

• ACS712 Current Sensor 5A 20A 30A: A hall-effect-based linear current sensor capable of measuring both AC and DC currents.
• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor: An ultrasonic ranging module for distance measurement.
• GPS NEO 6M: A GPS module for obtaining geographical location data.
• NRF24L01: A 2.4GHz wireless transceiver module for RF communication.
• MPU-6050: A 6-axis gyroscope and accelerometer module for motion tracking.
• 433 MHz RF Receiver Module: A radio frequency receiver for wireless communication at 433 MHz.
• FS1000A 433MHz RF Transmitter: A radio frequency transmitter for wireless communication at 433 MHz.

Power Components

• 18650 Li-ion Battery x 2: A battery pack consisting of two 18650 Li-ion cells.
• 2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block: A power connector for the battery pack.

Motor Drivers

• L298N DC motor driver: A dual H-bridge motor driver for controlling the direction and speed of DC motors.

Passive Components

• Ceramic Capacitor: A 0.01 µF capacitor for noise suppression and voltage smoothing.
• Resistor: Two 4.7 kΩ resistors used for pull-up on I2C lines.

Motors

• Motor amarillo motorreductor hobby: Four hobby motors with gear reduction for driving mechanical loads.

Wiring Details

Arduino Mega 2560

• Digital I/O: Connected to various modules for control signals (e.g., ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, RF modules).
• Analog Input: A0 connected to the ACS712 current sensor output.
• I2C: SDA and SCL connected to the MPU-6050 with pull-up resistors.
• 3.3V: Powers the NRF24L01 module and MPU-6050.
• 5V: Powers the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, ACS712 current sensor, GPS NEO 6M, and RF modules.
• GND: Common ground for all components.
• VIN: Connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack through the barrel jack.

ACS712 Current Sensor

• VCC: Connected to 5V from the Arduino.
• OUT: Connected to A0 on the Arduino for current measurement.
• GND: Connected to common ground.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• VCC: Connected to 5V from the Arduino.
• TRIG: Connected to a digital I/O pin on the Arduino for triggering distance measurement.
• ECHO: Connected to a digital I/O pin on the Arduino for receiving distance information.
• GND: Connected to common ground.

GPS NEO 6M

• VCC: Connected to 5V from the Arduino.
• RX: Connected to a TX pin on the Arduino for sending data to the GPS module.
• TX: Connected to an RX pin on the Arduino for receiving data from the GPS module.
• GND: Connected to common ground.

NRF24L01

• VCC (3V): Connected to 3.3V from the Arduino with a capacitor in parallel for stability.
• GND: Connected to common ground.
• CE, CSN: Connected to digital I/O pins on the Arduino for control.
• SCK, MISO, MOSI: Connected to the SPI pins on the Arduino for data communication.

MPU-6050

• VCC: Connected to 3.3V from the Arduino.
• GND: Connected to common ground.
• SDA, SCL: Connected to the I2C pins on the Arduino with pull-up resistors.

RF Modules

• 433 MHz RF Receiver Module: VCC connected to 5V, DATA to a digital I/O pin, and GND to common ground.
• FS1000A 433MHz RF Transmitter: VCC connected to 5V, DATA to a digital I/O pin, GND to common ground, and ANT to an antenna.

L298N DC motor driver

• IN1-IN4: Connected to digital I/O pins on the Arduino for motor control.
• ENB, ENA: Connected to PWM-capable digital I/O pins on the Arduino for speed control.
• OUT1-OUT4: Connected to the motors.
• 12V: Connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack through the ACS712 sensor.
• GND: Connected to common ground.

Motors

• vcc: Connected to the motor driver outputs.
• GND: Connected to the motor driver outputs.

Documented Code

sketch.ino

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

documentation.txt

(No additional documentation provided for the code)