Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control an automatic light using a PIR motion sensor and a relay. When the PIR sensor detects motion, the relay activates to turn on an AC bulb. The circuit also includes a GPS module, a GSM module, a current sensor, a piezo speaker, and a solar charge controller for power management. The Arduino UNO microcontroller is used to control the entire system.

Component List

1. PIR/Motion Sensor

   • Pins: GND, OUTPUT, VCC
   • Description: Detects motion and outputs a signal when motion is detected.

2. AC Bulb

   • Pins: P, N
   • Description: Standard AC bulb controlled by the relay.

3. Arduino UNO

   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0
   • Description: Microcontroller used to control the circuit.

4. Piezo Speaker

   • Pins: pin1, pin2
   • Description: Emits sound when activated.

5. Solar Charge Controller

   • Pins: Solar Cell +, Solar Cell -, Battery +, Battery -, Load +, Load -
   • Description: Manages the charging of the battery from the solar panel.

6. 5V Relay

   • Pins: Normally Open, Common terminal, Normally Closed, In, GND, VCC
   • Description: Controls the AC bulb based on the signal from the Arduino.

7. MB102 Breadboard Power Supply Module 3.3V/5V

   • Pins: GND, 3.3V, 5V
   • Description: Provides regulated 3.3V and 5V power supply.

8. LM2596

   • Pins: IN, OUT
   • Description: DC-DC buck converter used to step down voltage.

9. INA219

   • Pins: VCC, GND, SCL, SDA, VIN -, VIN +
   • Description: Current sensor used to measure current and voltage.

10. 12V 200Ah Battery

    • Pins: GND, 12V
    • Description: Provides power to the circuit.

11. Solar Panel

    • Pins: gnd, vcc
    • Description: Generates power from sunlight.

12. Sim800l

    • Pins: NET, RST, VCC, RXD, TXD, GND
    • Description: GSM module used for communication.

13. Ublox NEO-M8N GPS module

    • Pins: RF coaxial cable connectors, VCC, RX, TX, GND
    • Description: GPS module used for location tracking.

Wiring Details

PIR/Motion Sensor

• GND connected to Arduino UNO GND
• OUTPUT connected to Arduino UNO D3
• VCC connected to Arduino UNO 5V

AC Bulb

• P connected to 5V Relay Normally Open
• N connected to AC Bulb N

Arduino UNO

• 5V connected to VCC of PIR/Motion Sensor, Ublox NEO-M8N GPS module, INA219, Sim800l, and 5V Relay
• GND connected to GND of PIR/Motion Sensor, Ublox NEO-M8N GPS module, INA219, Sim800l, 5V Relay, and Piezo Speaker pin1
• D3 connected to OUTPUT of PIR/Motion Sensor
• D4 connected to In of 5V Relay
• Vin connected to VIN - of INA219 and OUT of LM2596
• A4 connected to SDA of INA219
• A5 connected to SCL of INA219
• D11 connected to RXD of Sim800l
• D10 connected to TXD of Sim800l
• D5 connected to pin2 of Piezo Speaker
• D2 connected to OUTPUT of PIR/Motion Sensor

Piezo Speaker

• pin1 connected to Arduino UNO GND
• pin2 connected to Arduino UNO D5

Solar Charge Controller

• Solar Cell + connected to vcc of Solar Panel
• Solar Cell - connected to gnd of Solar Panel
• Battery + connected to 12V of 12V 200Ah Battery
• Battery - connected to GND of 12V 200Ah Battery

5V Relay

• Normally Open connected to P of AC Bulb
• Common terminal connected to AC power source
• In connected to Arduino UNO D4
• GND connected to Arduino UNO GND
• VCC connected to Arduino UNO 5V

LM2596

• IN connected to 12V and GND of 12V 200Ah Battery
• OUT connected to VIN - and VIN + of INA219

INA219

• VCC connected to Arduino UNO 5V
• GND connected to Arduino UNO GND
• SCL connected to Arduino UNO A5
• SDA connected to Arduino UNO A4
• VIN - connected to OUT of LM2596
• VIN + connected to Arduino UNO GND

12V 200Ah Battery

• 12V connected to IN of LM2596 and Battery + of Solar Charge Controller
• GND connected to IN of LM2596 and Battery - of Solar Charge Controller

Solar Panel

• gnd connected to Solar Cell - of Solar Charge Controller
• vcc connected to Solar Cell + of Solar Charge Controller

Sim800l

• VCC connected to Arduino UNO 5V
• GND connected to Arduino UNO GND
• RXD connected to Arduino UNO D11
• TXD connected to Arduino UNO D10

Ublox NEO-M8N GPS module

• VCC connected to Arduino UNO 5V
• GND connected to Arduino UNO GND
• TX connected to Arduino UNO D3
• RX connected to Arduino UNO D4

Code Documentation

/*
 * Proyecto: Luz Automática con Sensor PIR y Relé
 * Descripción: Este código controla una luz automática utilizando un sensor PIR
 * y un relé. Cada vez que el sensor PIR detecta movimiento, el relé se activa
 * para encender una bombilla. Además, el código cuenta el número de veces que
 * se detecta una persona y lo imprime en el monitor serie.
 */

// Definición de pines
const int pirPin = 3; // Pin de salida del sensor PIR
const int relayPin = 4; // Pin de entrada del relé

// Variables
int motionDetected = 0; // Contador de detecciones de movimiento

void setup() {
  // Configuración de pines
  pinMode(pirPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
  // Inicialización del monitor serie
  Serial.begin(9600);
  // Inicialización del relé en estado apagado
  digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);
}

void loop() {
  // Lectura del estado del sensor PIR
  int pirState = digitalRead(pirPin);
  if (pirState == HIGH) {
    // Si se detecta movimiento
    digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // Encender la luz
    motionDetected++; // Incrementar el contador
    Serial.print("Movimiento detectado: ");
    Serial.println(motionDetected);
    delay(5000); // Mantener la luz encendida por 5 segundos
  } else {
    // Si no se detecta movimiento
    digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // Apagar la luz
  }
  delay(100); // Pequeña espera para evitar rebotes
}

This code controls an automatic light using a PIR sensor and a relay. When motion is detected, the relay is activated to turn on the light, and the number of detections is printed to the serial monitor.