Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit designed to control multiple DC motors, a water pump, and various sensors using an Arduino UNO and an Arduino Nano. The circuit also includes wireless communication modules (NRF24L01 and HC-05 Bluetooth Module) and an ESP32 CAM for additional functionalities. The L298N DC motor driver is used to control the DC motors, and a PCF8574 IO Expansion Board is used to expand the I/O capabilities of the Arduino UNO.

Component List

1. L298N DC Motor Driver

   • Description: Motor driver module used to control DC motors.
   • Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

2. DC Motor

   • Description: Standard DC motor.
   • Pins: pin 1, pin 2

3. Arduino UNO

   • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

4. Battery 12V

   • Description: 12V battery used to power the circuit.
   • Pins: +, -

5. HC-05 Bluetooth Module

   • Description: Bluetooth module for wireless communication.
   • Pins: Key, VCC, GND, TXD, RXD, State

6. Water Pump

   • Description: Water pump for fluid control.
   • Pins: VCC, GND

7. NRF24L01

   • Description: Wireless transceiver module.
   • Pins: IRQ (not used), MOSI, CSN, VCC (3V), GND, CE, SCK, MISO

8. Arduino Nano

   • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: D1/TX, D0/RX, RESET, GND, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11/MOSI, D12/MISO, VIN, 5V, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, A1, A0, AREF, 3V3, D13/SCK

9. SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor

   • Description: Sensor to measure soil moisture levels.
   • Pins: VCC, GND, SIG

10. ESP32 CAM

    • Description: Camera module with ESP32 for image processing and transmission.
    • Pins: 5V, GND, GPIO12, GPIO13, GPIO15, GPIO14, GPIO2, GPIO4, 3.3V, GPIO16, GPIO0, 3.3V / 5V / P_OUT, GPIO3 / RX, GPIO1 / TX

11. Ultrasonic Sensor

    • Description: Sensor to measure distance using ultrasonic waves.
    • Pins: +VCC, Trigger, Echo, GND

12. PCF8574 IO Expansion Board

    • Description: I/O expansion board to increase the number of I/O pins.
    • Pins: VCC, GND, SDA, SCL, A2+, A2c, A2-, A1+, A1c, A1-, A0+, A0c, A0-, O0, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, INT

Wiring Details

L298N DC Motor Driver

• OUT1 connected to pin 2 of DC Motor 1 and DC Motor 2
• OUT2 connected to pin 1 of DC Motor 1 and DC Motor 2
• 12V connected to + of Battery 12V
• GND connected to GND of Arduino UNO, NRF24L01, Battery 12V, and ESP32 CAM
• 5V connected to 5V of Arduino UNO, PCF8574 IO Expansion Board, Water Pump, ESP32 CAM, and +VCC of Ultrasonic Sensor
• OUT3 connected to pin 1 of DC Motor 3 and DC Motor 4
• OUT4 connected to pin 2 of DC Motor 3 and DC Motor 4
• IN1 connected to D2 of Arduino UNO
• IN2 connected to D3 of Arduino UNO
• IN3 connected to D4 of Arduino UNO
• IN4 connected to D5 of Arduino UNO

DC Motor 1

• pin 1 connected to OUT2 of L298N DC Motor Driver
• pin 2 connected to OUT1 of L298N DC Motor Driver

DC Motor 2

• pin 1 connected to OUT2 of L298N DC Motor Driver
• pin 2 connected to OUT1 of L298N DC Motor Driver

DC Motor 3

• pin 1 connected to OUT3 of L298N DC Motor Driver
• pin 2 connected to OUT4 of L298N DC Motor Driver

DC Motor 4

• pin 1 connected to OUT3 of L298N DC Motor Driver
• pin 2 connected to OUT4 of L298N DC Motor Driver

Arduino UNO

• GND connected to GND of L298N DC Motor Driver, NRF24L01, Battery 12V, ESP32 CAM, PCF8574 IO Expansion Board, HC-05 Bluetooth Module, Ultrasonic Sensor, and Water Pump
• 5V connected to 5V of L298N DC Motor Driver, PCF8574 IO Expansion Board, Water Pump, ESP32 CAM, and +VCC of Ultrasonic Sensor
• 3.3V connected to VCC (3V) of NRF24L01
• Vin connected to VCC of HC-05 Bluetooth Module
• A4 connected to SCL of PCF8574 IO Expansion Board
• A5 connected to SDA of PCF8574 IO Expansion Board
• D13 connected to SCK of NRF24L01
• D12 connected to MISO of NRF24L01
• D11 connected to MOSI of NRF24L01
• D10 connected to RXD of HC-05 Bluetooth Module
• D9 connected to TXD of HC-05 Bluetooth Module
• D8 connected to CE of NRF24L01
• D7 connected to CSN of NRF24L01
• D1 connected to GPIO1 / TX of ESP32 CAM
• D0 connected to GPIO3 / RX of ESP32 CAM

Battery 12V

• + connected to 12V of L298N DC Motor Driver and VIN of Arduino Nano
• - connected to GND of L298N DC Motor Driver, Arduino Nano, and other components

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

• VCC connected to Vin of Arduino UNO
• GND connected to GND of Arduino UNO
• TXD connected to D9 of Arduino UNO
• RXD connected to D10 of Arduino UNO

Water Pump

• VCC connected to 5V of Arduino UNO
• GND connected to GND of Arduino UNO

NRF24L01

• VCC (3V) connected to 3.3V of Arduino UNO
• GND connected to GND of Arduino UNO
• MOSI connected to D11 of Arduino UNO
• CSN connected to D7 of Arduino UNO
• CE connected to D8 of Arduino UNO
• SCK connected to D13 of Arduino UNO
• MISO connected to D12 of Arduino UNO

Arduino Nano

• GND connected to GND of Battery 12V, NRF24L01, and SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor
• VIN connected to + of Battery 12V
• 5V connected to VCC of SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor
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