Smart Irrigation System Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a smart irrigation system designed using an Arduino UNO microcontroller. The system includes a 16x2 LCD display, a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a 1-channel relay, a water pump, and a 18650 Li-Ion battery. The system monitors soil moisture levels and environmental conditions, displaying the data on the LCD and controlling the water pump based on the soil moisture readings.

Component List

1. Arduino UNO

   • Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

2. 16x2 LCD

   • Description: A 16x2 character LCD display.
   • Pins: VSS, VDD, V0, RS, RW, E, D1, D0, D2, D3, D4, D6, D5, D7, A, K

3. 1-Channel Relay (5V 10A)

   • Description: A relay module for controlling high voltage devices.
   • Pins: NC, signal, C, power, NO, ground

4. 18650 Li-Ion

   • Description: A rechargeable lithium-ion battery.
   • Pins: Positive, Negative

5. DHT11

   • Description: A temperature and humidity sensor.
   • Pins: DATA, GND, VCC

6. Soil Moisture Module

   • Description: A module for measuring soil moisture levels.
   • Pins: VCC, GND, D0, A0

7. Resistor

   • Description: A 10k Ohm resistor.
   • Pins: pin1, pin2
   • Properties: Resistance: 10k Ohms

8. Soil Moisture Sensor

   • Description: A sensor for detecting soil moisture.
   • Pins: positive, negative

9. Water Pump

   • Description: A small water pump.
   • Pins: positive, negative

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• 5V connected to:

  • 16x2 LCD (VDD, RW, A)
  • Soil Moisture Module (VCC)
  • DHT11 (VCC)
  • 1-Channel Relay (power)

• GND connected to:

  • Resistor (pin1)
  • 16x2 LCD (VSS, K)
  • Soil Moisture Module (GND)
  • DHT11 (GND)
  • 1-Channel Relay (ground)

• D6 connected to:

  • 16x2 LCD (RS)

• D7 connected to:

  • 16x2 LCD (E)

• D8 connected to:

  • 16x2 LCD (D4)

• D9 connected to:

  • 16x2 LCD (D5)

• D10 connected to:

  • 16x2 LCD (D6)

• D11 connected to:

  • 16x2 LCD (D7)

• D12 connected to:

  • DHT11 (DATA)

• D13 connected to:

  • 1-Channel Relay (signal)

• A0 connected to:

  • Soil Moisture Module (A0)

16x2 LCD

• VDD connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (5V)

• VSS connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (GND)

• V0 connected to:

  • Resistor (pin2)

• RS connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (D6)

• RW connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (5V)

• E connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (D7)

• D4 connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (D8)

• D5 connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (D9)

• D6 connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (D10)

• D7 connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (D11)

• A connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (5V)

• K connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (GND)

1-Channel Relay (5V 10A)

• power connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (5V)

• ground connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (GND)

• signal connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (D13)

• C connected to:

  • Water Pump (positive)

• NO connected to:

  • 18650 Li-Ion (Positive)

18650 Li-Ion

• Positive connected to:

  • 1-Channel Relay (NO)

• Negative connected to:

  • Water Pump (negative)

DHT11

• VCC connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (5V)

• GND connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (GND)

• DATA connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (D12)

Soil Moisture Module

• VCC connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (5V)

• GND connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (GND)

• A0 connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (A0)

Resistor

• pin1 connected to:

  • Arduino UNO (GND)

• pin2 connected to:

  • 16x2 LCD (V0)

Soil Moisture Sensor

• positive connected to:

  • Soil Moisture Module

• negative connected to:

  • Soil Moisture Module

Water Pump

• positive connected to:

  • 1-Channel Relay (C)

• negative connected to:

  • 18650 Li-Ion (Negative)

Code Documentation

#include <DHT.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11);

#define DHT11_PIN 12
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT dht(DHT11_PIN, DHTTYPE);

int moisturePin = A0; 
int moistureValue;
int relayPin = 13;

void setup() {
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
  pinMode(moisturePin, INPUT);
  pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
  dht.begin(); 
  lcd.setCursor(5, 0);
  lcd.print("Smart ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("IrrigationSystem");
  delay(1500);
  lcd.clear();
}

void loop() {
  float temperature = dht.readTemperature();
  float humidity = dht.readHumidity();

  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Temp: ");
  lcd.print(temperature);
  lcd.print((char)223);
  lcd.print("C");

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Humidity: ");
  lcd.print(humidity);
  lcd.print("%");
  delay(2000);

  lcd.clear();
  moistureValue = analogRead(moisturePin);
  moistureValue = map(moistureValue, 1023, 0, 0, 100); 
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  if (moistureValue <= 20) {
    lcd.print("Moisture : HIGH");
  } else if (moistureValue > 20 && moistureValue <= 80) {
    lcd.print("Moisture : MID ");
  } else if (moistureValue > 80) {
    lcd.print("Moisture : LOW ");
  }
  
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  if (moistureValue <= 20) {
    digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);
    lcd.print("Motor ON");
  } else {
    digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);
    lcd.print("Motor OFF");
  }

  delay(1500);
  lcd.clear();
}

This code initializes the LCD, DHT11 sensor, and soil moisture sensor. It reads temperature, humidity, and soil moisture levels, displaying the data on the LCD. Based on the soil moisture readings, it controls the water pump via the relay.