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Arduino UNO-Based Obstacle Avoidance Robot with Ultrasonic Sensors and L298N Motor Driver

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit involves an Arduino UNO microcontroller interfacing with multiple HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensors, an L298N DC motor driver, and two hobby motors. The circuit is powered by a 7.4V battery and includes a rocker switch for power control. The Arduino UNO is programmed to read data from the ultrasonic sensors and control the motors accordingly.

Component List

  1. L298N DC Motor Driver

    • Description: A dual H-Bridge motor driver that allows control of the speed and direction of two DC motors.
    • Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

  2. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

    • Description: A sensor used to measure distance by using ultrasonic waves.
    • Pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND

  3. Motor amarillo motorreductor hobby

    • Description: A small DC motor with a gearbox, commonly used in hobby projects.
    • Pins: vcc, GND

  4. 7.4V Battery

    • Description: A power source for the circuit.
    • Pins: +, -

  5. Arduino UNO

    • Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
    • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

  6. Rocker Switch

    • Description: A switch used to control the power supply to the circuit.
    • Pins: 1, 2

Wiring Details

L298N DC Motor Driver

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor (Instance 1)

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor (Instance 2)

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor (Instance 3)

Motor amarillo motorreductor hobby (Instance 1)

Motor amarillo motorreductor hobby (Instance 2)

7.4V Battery

Rocker Switch

Code Documentation

Arduino UNO Code

/**
 * This example demonstrates how to collect temperature and humidity measurements
 * from the Adafruit DHT11 sensor. Measurements are printed out to the serial monitor.
 *
 * - Make sure to first install the following libraries through the Arduino Library Manager:
 *   - DHT Sensor Library (by Adafruit)
 *   - Adafruit Unified Sensor (by Adafruit)
 * - When you open the serial monitor to view measurements from the DHT11, make sure
 * that you select 9600 baud so that the serial monitor can receive data from the Arduino.
 *
 * This example was originally written by Adafruit Industries LLC.
 */

#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <DHT.h>
#include <DHT_U.h>

#define DHTPIN 2     // Digital pin connected to the DHT sensor 
// Feather HUZZAH ESP8266 note: use pins 3, 4, 5, 12, 13 or 14 --
// Pin 15 can work but DHT must be disconnected during program upload.

// Uncomment the type of sensor in use:
#define DHTTYPE    DHT11     // DHT 11
//#define DHTTYPE    DHT22     // DHT 22 (AM2302)
//#define DHTTYPE    DHT21     // DHT 21 (AM2301)

// See guide for details on sensor wiring and usage:
//   https://learn.adafruit.com/dht/overview

DHT_Unified dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

uint32_t delayMS;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  // Initialize device.
  dht.begin();
  Serial.println(F("DHTxx Unified Sensor Example"));
  // Print temperature sensor details.
  sensor_t sensor;
  dht.temperature().getSensor(&sensor);
  Serial.println(F("------------------------------------"));
  Serial.println(F("Temperature Sensor"));
  Serial.print  (F("Sensor Type: ")); Serial.println(sensor.name);
  Serial.print  (F("Driver Ver:  ")); Serial.println(sensor.version);
  Serial.print  (F("Unique ID:   ")); Serial.println(sensor.sensor_id);
  Serial.print  (F("Max Value:   ")); Serial.print(sensor.max_value); Serial.println(F("°C"));
  Serial.print  (F("Min Value:   ")); Serial.print(sensor.min_value); Serial.println(F("°C"));
  Serial.print  (F("Resolution:  ")); Serial.print(sensor.resolution); Serial.println(F("°C"));
  Serial.println(F("------------------------------------"));
  // Print humidity sensor details.
  dht.humidity().getSensor(&sensor);
  Serial.println(F("Humidity Sensor"));
  Serial.print  (F("Sensor Type: ")); Serial.println(sensor.name);
  Serial.print  (F("Driver Ver:  ")); Serial.println(sensor.version);
  Serial.print  (F("Unique ID:   ")); Serial.println(sensor.sensor_id);
  Serial.print  (F("Max Value:   ")); Serial.print(sensor.max_value); Serial.println(F("%"));
  Serial.print  (F("Min Value:   ")); Serial.print(sensor.min_value); Serial.println(F("%"));
  Serial.print  (F("Resolution:  ")); Serial.print(sensor.resolution); Serial.println(F("%"));
  Serial.println(F("------------------------------------"));
  // Set delay between sensor readings based on sensor details.
  delayMS = sensor.min_delay / 1000;
}

void loop() {
  // Delay between measurements.
  delay(delayMS);
  // Get temperature event and print its value.
  sensors_event_t event;
  dht.temperature().getEvent(&event);
  if (isnan(event.temperature)) {
    Serial.println(F("Error reading temperature!"));
  }
  else {
    Serial.print(F("Temperature: "));
    Serial.print(event.temperature);
    Serial.println(F("°C"));
  }
  // Get humidity event and print its value.
  dht.humidity().getEvent(&event);
  if (isnan(event.relative_humidity)) {
    Serial.println(F("Error reading humidity!"));
  }
  else {
    Serial.print(F("Humidity: "));
    Serial.print(event.relative_humidity);
    Serial.println(F("%"));
  }
}

This code is designed to read temperature and humidity data from a DHT11 sensor and print the values to the serial monitor. Make sure to install the required libraries and select the correct baud rate in the serial monitor.