Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit that includes various sensors, a stepper motor, a relay, a water pump, and two microcontrollers (Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP32). The circuit is powered by a 12V 5A power supply and includes a 12V to 5V step-down converter to power 5V components. The microcontrollers are programmed to control the sensors and actuators.

Component List

POWER SUPPLY 12V 5AMP

• Description: Provides 12V DC power from a 220V AC source.
• Pins: 220V Positive Pole (AC), 220V Negative Pole (AC), GND, GND (DC), 12V-24V Output (DC)

DC Power Source

• Description: Provides DC power.
• Pins: Ground, Positive

12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter

• Description: Converts 12V DC to 5V DC.
• Pins: VIN 9v-36v, VIN+, VIN-, USB OUTPUT 5V, 5v OUTPUT, GND

Inductive Sensor

• Description: Detects metallic objects.
• Pins: Signal, VCC, GND

Capacitive Sensor

• Description: Detects non-metallic objects.
• Pins: GND, VCC, SIGNAL

IR Sensor

• Description: Infrared sensor for object detection.
• Pins: out, gnd, vcc

Bipolar Stepper Motor (NEMA 17)

• Description: Stepper motor for precise control.
• Pins: A-, A+, B+, B-

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• Description: Measures distance using ultrasonic waves.
• Pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND

Motor Driver (L298N)

• Description: Drives the stepper motor.
• Pins: OUT 1, OUT 2, OUT 3, OUT 4, +12V INPUT, GND, +5V OUTPUT, ENA, IN 1, IN 2, IN 3, IN 4, ENB

MG996R

• Description: Servo motor.
• Pins: GND, VCC, SIG

Pushbutton

• Description: Simple pushbutton switch.
• Pins: Pin 2, Pin 1, Pin 3, Pin 4

5v Relay

• Description: Relay for switching high power devices.
• Pins: Normally Open, Common terminal, Normally Closed, In, GND, VCC

5v Mini Water Pump

• Description: Small water pump.
• Pins: positive pin, negative pin

Arduino Mega 2560

• Description: Microcontroller board.
• Pins: IOREF, RESET, 3V3, 5V, GND, VIN, A0-A15, D0-D53, SDA, SCL, AREF

ESP32

• Description: Microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
• Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, VIN, 3V3, D15, D2, D4, RX2, TX2, D5, D18, D19, D21, RX0, TX0, D22, D23, BOOT

0.96" OLED

• Description: Small OLED display.
• Pins: GND, VDD, SCK, SDA

Wiring Details

POWER SUPPLY 12V 5AMP

• 220V Positive Pole (AC): Connected to DC Power Source Positive
• 220V Negative Pole (AC): Connected to DC Power Source Ground
• GND (DC): Connected to various components' GND
• 12V-24V Output (DC): Connected to 12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter VIN+, Motor Driver (L298N) +12V INPUT, Arduino Mega 2560 VIN, ESP32 VIN, 5v relay Common terminal

DC Power Source

• Positive: Connected to POWER SUPPLY 12V 5AMP 220V Positive Pole (AC)
• Ground: Connected to POWER SUPPLY 12V 5AMP 220V Negative Pole (AC)

12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter

• VIN+: Connected to POWER SUPPLY 12V 5AMP 12V-24V Output (DC)
• VIN-: Connected to various components' GND
• 5v OUTPUT: Connected to IR Sensor vcc, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor VCC, Capacitive Sensor VCC, MG996R VCC, Inductive Sensor VCC

Inductive Sensor

• Signal: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 D3 PWM
• VCC: Connected to 12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter 5v OUTPUT
• GND: Connected to various components' GND

Capacitive Sensor

• SIGNAL: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 D4 PWM
• VCC: Connected to 12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter 5v OUTPUT
• GND: Connected to various components' GND

IR Sensor

• out: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 D2 PWM
• vcc: Connected to 12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter 5v OUTPUT
• gnd: Connected to various components' GND

Bipolar Stepper Motor (NEMA 17)

• A+: Connected to Motor Driver (L298N) OUT 1
• A-: Connected to Motor Driver (L298N) OUT 2
• B+: Connected to Motor Driver (L298N) OUT 3
• B-: Connected to Motor Driver (L298N) OUT 4

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• ECHO: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 D5 PWM
• TRIG: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 D6 PWM
• VCC: Connected to 12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter 5v OUTPUT
• GND: Connected to various components' GND

Motor Driver (L298N)

• IN 1: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 D8 PWM
• IN 2: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 D9 PWM
• IN 3: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 D10 PWM
• IN 4: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 D11 PWM
• +12V INPUT: Connected to POWER SUPPLY 12V 5AMP 12V-24V Output (DC)
• GND: Connected to various components' GND

MG996R

• SIG: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 D7 PWM
• VCC: Connected to 12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter 5v OUTPUT
• GND: Connected to various components' GND

Pushbutton

• Pin 1: Connected to various components' GND
• Pin 3: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 5V

5v Relay

• In: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 D12 PWM
• VCC: Connected to Arduino Mega 2560 5V
• GND: Connected to various components' GND
• Common terminal: Connected to POWER SUPPLY 12V 5AMP 12V-24V Output (DC)
• Normally Closed: Connected to 5v mini water pump positive pin

5v Mini Water Pump

• positive pin: Connected to 5v relay Normally Closed
• negative pin: Connected to various components' GND

Arduino Mega 2560

• 5V: Connected to Pushbutton Pin 3, 5v relay VCC
• GND: Connected to various components' GND
• VIN: Connected to POWER SUPPLY 12V 5AMP 12V-24V Output (DC)
• D0 RX0: Connected to ESP32 TX0
• D1 TX0: Connected to ESP32 RX0
• D2 PWM: Connected to IR Sensor out
• D3 PWM: Connected to Inductive Sensor Signal
• D4 PWM: Connected to Capacitive Sensor SIGNAL
• D5 PWM: Connected to HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor ECHO
• D6 PWM: Connected to HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor TRIG
• D7 PWM: Connected to MG996R SIG
• D8 PWM: Connected to Motor Driver (L298N) IN 1
• D9 PWM: Connected to Motor Driver (L298N) IN 2
• D10 PWM: Connected to Motor Driver (L298N) IN 3
• D11 PWM: Connected to Motor Driver (L298N) IN 4
• D12 PWM: Connected to 5v relay In

ESP32

• GND: Connected to various components' GND