Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit involves an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller interfacing with various components including a Real-Time Clock (RTC), a 16-Channel PWM Servo Driver, a 1-Channel Relay, multiple MG996R servos, a Nextion Touch LCD, a fan, a humidifier, and other components. The circuit is powered by a 24V DC power supply, which is stepped down to 12V using a buck converter. The Arduino Mega 2560 controls the relay, servos, and other peripherals, while the ESP32 is used for additional processing and communication.

Component List

Arduino Mega 2560

• Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560.
• Pins: IOREF, RESET, 3V3, 5V, GND, VIN, A0-A15, D0-D53, AREF, SDA, SCL

Power Supply 24 VDC

• Description: Provides 24V DC power.
• Pins: L, N, E, V+, V-

1-Channel Relay (5V 10A)

• Description: Relay module for switching high-power devices.
• Pins: NC, signal, C, power, NO, ground

Bulb

• Description: Standard light bulb.
• Pins: GND, power

Power 220V

• Description: Standard 220V AC power source.
• Pins: hot wire, neutral wire

NPN Transistor (CBE)

• Description: NPN transistor for switching applications.
• Pins: collector, base, emitter

24/12V Buck Converter

• Description: Steps down 24V to 12V.
• Pins: VIN+, VIN-, 5V, GND

RTC

• Description: Real-Time Clock module.
• Pins: VCC, GND, CLK, DAT, RST

MG996R Servo

• Description: High-torque servo motor.
• Pins: GND, VCC, SIG

Nextion Touch LCD 2.4"

• Description: Touchscreen LCD display.
• Pins: VCC, GND, RX, TX

LED: Two Pin (red)

• Description: Standard red LED.
• Pins: cathode, anode

Resistor

• Description: Resistor with various resistance values.
• Pins: pin1, pin2
• Properties: 220 Ohms, 200 Ohms

Buzzer

• Description: Standard buzzer.
• Pins: POSITIVE, NEGATIVE

Fan

• Description: Standard fan.
• Pins: GND, 5V

ESP32

• Description: Microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.
• Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, VIN, 3V3, D15, D2, D4, RX2, TX2, D5, D18, D19, D21, RX0, TX0, D22, D23, BOOT

16-Channel PWM Servo Driver

• Description: PWM driver for controlling multiple servos.
• Pins: V+, VCC, SDA, SCL, OE, GND, Vin+, Vin-, PWM1-PWM16

Humidifier

• Description: Standard humidifier.
• Pins: GND, 5V

Micro USB to Cable (2 Pin)

• Description: Micro USB to 2-pin cable.
• Pins: Micro USB, +, -

Wiring Details

Arduino Mega 2560

• 5V: Connected to VCC of RTC, VCC of 16-Channel PWM Servo Driver, power of 1-Channel Relay
• GND: Connected to GND of RTC, GND of 16-Channel PWM Servo Driver, ground of 1-Channel Relay, GND of Fan, GND of Humidifier, cathode of LED (red), GND of Nextion Touch LCD, GND of ESP32, GND of 24/12V Buck, NEGATIVE of Buzzer, GND of Fan
• VIN: Connected to collector of NPN Transistor, + of Micro USB to Cable, VCC of Nextion Touch LCD, 5V of 24/12V Buck
• A4: Connected to DAT of RTC
• A5: Connected to CLK of RTC
• D21/SCL: Connected to SCL of 16-Channel PWM Servo Driver
• D20/SDA: Connected to SDA of 16-Channel PWM Servo Driver
• D17 PWM/RX2: Connected to TX2 of ESP32
• D16 PWM/TX2: Connected to RX2 of ESP32
• D15/RX3: Connected to RX of Nextion Touch LCD
• D14/TX3: Connected to TX of Nextion Touch LCD
• D7 PWM: Connected to POSITIVE of Buzzer
• D8 PWM: Connected to pin1 of Resistor (220 Ohms)
• D9 PWM: Connected to pin1 of Resistor (220 Ohms)
• D12 PWM: Connected to signal of 1-Channel Relay
• D13 PWM: Connected to base of NPN Transistor

Power Supply 24 VDC

• L: Connected to hot wire of Power 220V
• N: Connected to neutral wire of Power 220V
• V+: Connected to VIN+ of 24/12V Buck
• V-: Connected to VIN- of 24/12V Buck

1-Channel Relay (5V 10A)

• power: Connected to 5V of Arduino Mega 2560
• ground: Connected to GND of Arduino Mega 2560
• signal: Connected to D12 PWM of Arduino Mega 2560
• C: Connected to neutral wire of Power 220V
• NO: Connected to GND of Bulb

Bulb

• GND: Connected to NO of 1-Channel Relay
• power: Connected to hot wire of Power 220V

NPN Transistor (CBE)

• collector: Connected to 5V of Fan, + of Micro USB to Cable, VIN of Arduino Mega 2560, VCC of Nextion Touch LCD, 5V of 24/12V Buck
• base: Connected to D13 PWM of Arduino Mega 2560
• emitter: Connected to 5V of Humidifier

24/12V Buck Converter

• VIN+: Connected to V+ of Power Supply 24 VDC
• VIN-: Connected to V- of Power Supply 24 VDC
• 5V: Connected to collector of NPN Transistor, + of Micro USB to Cable, VIN of Arduino Mega 2560, VCC of Nextion Touch LCD, 5V of Fan

RTC

• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino Mega 2560
• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino Mega 2560
• DAT: Connected to A4 of Arduino Mega 2560
• CLK: Connected to A5 of Arduino Mega 2560

MG996R Servo

• GND: Connected to GND of 16-Channel PWM Servo Driver
• VCC: Connected to V+ of 16-Channel PWM Servo Driver
• SIG: Connected to PWM1-PWM5 of 16-Channel PWM Servo Driver

Nextion Touch LCD 2.4"

• VCC: Connected to VIN of Arduino Mega 2560
• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino Mega 2560
• RX: Connected to D15/RX3 of Arduino Mega 2560
• TX: Connected to D14/TX3 of Arduino Mega 2560

LED: Two Pin (red)

• cathode: Connected to GND of Arduino Mega 2560
• anode: Not connected

Resistor

• pin1: Connected to D8 PWM, D9 PWM of Arduino Mega 2560
• pin2: Not connected

Buzzer

• POSITIVE: Connected to D7 PWM of Arduino Mega 2560
• NEGATIVE: Connected to GND of Arduino Mega 2560

Fan

• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino Mega 2560
• 5V: Connected to collector of NPN Transistor

ESP32

• TX2: Connected to D17 PWM/RX2 of Arduino Mega 2560
• RX2: Connected to D16 PWM/TX2 of Arduino Mega 2560
• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino Mega 2560

16-Channel PWM Servo Driver

• V+: Connected to VCC of MG996R Servo
• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino Mega 2560
• SDA: Connected to D20/SDA of Arduino Mega 2560
• SCL: Connected to