Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit designed for environmental monitoring and control. The circuit includes sensors for soil moisture, rain, light, and temperature/humidity, as well as a relay-controlled water pump. The central controller is an ESP32 microcontroller, which interfaces with various sensors and a display module.

Component List

1. Soil Moisture Sensor

   • Pins: VCC, GND, SIG
   • Description: Measures the moisture level in the soil.
   • Purpose: Provides soil moisture data to the ESP32.

2. RAIN SENSOR

   • Pins: AO, DO, GRD, VCC
   • Description: Detects the presence of rain.
   • Purpose: Provides rain detection data to the ESP32.

3. ESP32 (30 pin)

   • Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, Vin, D23, D22, TX0, RX0, D21, D19, D18, D5, TX2, RX2, D4, D2, D15, 3V3
   • Description: A powerful microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.
   • Purpose: Central controller for the circuit.

4. DHT11

   • Pins: DATA, GND, VCC
   • Description: Measures temperature and humidity.
   • Purpose: Provides temperature and humidity data to the ESP32.

5. 16x2 I2C LCD

   • Pins: GND, VCC, SDA, SCL
   • Description: A 16x2 character LCD with I2C interface.
   • Purpose: Displays sensor data and system status.

6. Relay module 5v-30v

   • Pins: common contact, normally open, normally closed, trigger, V-, V+
   • Description: Controls high voltage devices like a water pump.
   • Purpose: Controls the water pump based on sensor data.

7. Light Sensor

   • Pins: GND, UCC, NC, SIG
   • Description: Measures ambient light levels.
   • Purpose: Provides light level data to the ESP32.

8. Water Pump

   • Pins: +, -
   • Description: A pump for watering plants.
   • Purpose: Waters plants based on soil moisture levels.

9. 12v power supply

   • Pins: +, -
   • Description: Provides 12V power to the circuit.
   • Purpose: Powers the water pump and other components.

10. NPK Soil Sensor (mini)

    • Pins: VCC, GND, A, B
    • Description: Measures soil nutrient levels.
    • Purpose: Provides soil nutrient data to the ESP32.

11. RS485

    • Pins: VCC, RO, RE, GND, B, A, DE, DI
    • Description: A communication module for RS485 protocol.
    • Purpose: Facilitates communication between the NPK Soil Sensor and the ESP32.

Wiring Details

Soil Moisture Sensor

• VCC connected to VCC (common power net)
• GND connected to GND (common ground net)
• SIG connected to D13 on ESP32

RAIN SENSOR

• VCC connected to VCC (common power net)
• GRD connected to GND (common ground net)
• AO connected to D32 on ESP32

ESP32 (30 pin)

• Vin connected to VCC (common power net)
• GND connected to GND (common ground net)
• D13 connected to SIG of Soil Moisture Sensor
• D32 connected to AO of RAIN SENSOR
• D26 connected to SIG of Light Sensor
• D27 connected to RO of RS485
• D14 connected to DI of RS485
• D22 connected to SCL of 16x2 I2C LCD
• D21 connected to SDA of 16x2 I2C LCD
• D4 connected to DATA of DHT11
• D2 connected to trigger of Relay module
• 3V3 connected to VCC (common power net)

DHT11

• DATA connected to D4 on ESP32
• GND connected to GND (common ground net)
• VCC connected to 3V3 (common power net)

16x2 I2C LCD

• GND connected to GND (common ground net)
• VCC connected to 3V3 (common power net)
• SDA connected to D21 on ESP32
• SCL connected to D22 on ESP32

Relay module 5v-30v

• trigger connected to D2 on ESP32
• V- connected to GND (common ground net)
• V+ connected to 3V3 (common power net)
• common contact connected to + of 12v power supply
• normally open connected to + of Water Pump

Light Sensor

• UCC connected to VCC (common power net)
• GND connected to GND (common ground net)
• SIG connected to D26 on ESP32

Water Pump

• + connected to normally open of Relay module
• - connected to - of 12v power supply

12v power supply

• + connected to common contact of Relay module
• - connected to - of Water Pump

NPK Soil Sensor (mini)

• VCC connected to 3V3 (common power net)
• GND connected to GND (common ground net)
• A connected to A of RS485
• B connected to B of RS485

RS485

• VCC connected to VCC (common power net)
• GND connected to GND (common ground net)
• RO connected to D27 on ESP32
• DI connected to D14 on ESP32
• A connected to A of NPK Soil Sensor
• B connected to B of NPK Soil Sensor

Code

No code provided.