Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a system that includes stepper motors, a solenoid, a water pump, and various sensors. It utilizes two Nema 17 stepper motors for precision movement, controlled by TB6600 stepper motor drivers. A 12V power supply is regulated down to 5V using a buck converter to power the relay modules, sensors, and an Arduino Mega 2560, which serves as the main microcontroller. The circuit also includes a Raspberry Pi 4B for higher-level functions, interfacing with the Arduino via serial communication. A solenoid and water pump are controlled via relay modules, and sensor data is collected from an ultrasonic sensor, an IR sensor, a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, and an RTC module for timekeeping. A 7-inch WaveShare HDMI screen is powered by the Raspberry Pi for display purposes.

Component List

Motors

• Nema 17 42-STH48 Stepper Motor: A stepper motor used for precision control in applications such as CNC machines and 3D printers.

Motor Drivers

• TB6600 Stepper Motor Driver: A driver module for controlling stepper motors, capable of handling higher currents and providing microstepping capabilities.

Power Supply and Conversion

• 12V Power Supply: Provides the main voltage source for the circuit.
• Buck Converter: Steps down the voltage from 12V to 5V to power low-voltage components.

Control Modules

• Arduino Mega 2560: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560, with numerous digital and analog I/O pins for interfacing with various components.
• Raspberry Pi 4B: A small single-board computer that provides more processing power and connectivity options.

Sensors and Modules

• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor: Measures distance by emitting ultrasonic waves and timing their return after bouncing off objects.
• IR Sensor: Detects infrared light, often used in proximity or object detection.
• RTC DS3231: A real-time clock module for maintaining accurate time.
• DHT11 Sensor V2: Measures ambient temperature and humidity.

Actuators

• Solenoid: An electromagnetic actuator used for creating linear motion.
• Water Pump: Pumps water, typically used in applications such as irrigation or cooling systems.

Display

• 7 inch WaveShare (H): An HDMI display for visual output from the Raspberry Pi.

Relay Modules

• Relay Module 5V-30V: Used for switching higher power circuits using low voltage control signals.

Wiring Details

Nema 17 42-STH48 Stepper Motor

• A2 (black): Connected to A+ on TB6600 Stepper Motor Driver.
• A1 (green): Connected to A- on TB6600 Stepper Motor Driver.
• B2 (red): Connected to B+ on TB6600 Stepper Motor Driver.
• B1 (blue): Connected to B- on TB6600 Stepper Motor Driver.

TB6600 Stepper Motor Driver

• ENA - (ENA), DIR - (DIR), PUL - (PUL): Connected to GND on the 12V power supply.
• ENA+ (+5V), DIR+ (+5V), PUL+ (+5V): Connected to 5V on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• VCC: Connected to IN+ on the Buck Converter.
• GND: Connected to IN- on the Buck Converter.
• A+, A-, B+, B-: Connected to corresponding pins on Nema 17 Stepper Motors.

12V Power Supply

• +: Connected to IN+ on the Buck Converter and VCC on TB6600 Stepper Motor Drivers.
• -: Connected to IN- on the Buck Converter and GND on TB6600 Stepper Motor Drivers.

Buck Converter

• IN+, IN-: Connected to the 12V power supply.
• OUT+: Connected to common contact on Relay Modules.
• OUT-: Connected to V- on Relay Modules, pin1 on Solenoid, GND on Water Pump, and GND on Raspberry Pi 4B.

Relay Module 5V-30V

• Common Contact: Connected to OUT+ on the Buck Converter.
• Normally Open: Connected to pin2 on Solenoid and VCC on Water Pump.
• Normally Closed: Not connected in this circuit.
• Trigger: Controlled by D7 PWM and D12 PWM on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• V-: Connected to OUT- on the Buck Converter.
• V+: Connected to 5V on the Arduino Mega 2560.

Solenoid

• Pin1: Connected to OUT- on the Buck Converter.
• Pin2: Connected to Normally Open on Relay Module.

Water Pump

• VCC: Connected to Normally Open on Relay Module.
• GND: Connected to OUT- on the Buck Converter.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• VCC: Connected to 5V on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• TRIG: Controlled by D2 PWM on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• ECHO: Connected to D3 PWM on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• GND: Connected to GND on the Arduino Mega 2560.

IR Sensor

• Out: Connected to D4 PWM on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• Gnd: Connected to GND on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• Vcc: Connected to 5V on the Arduino Mega 2560.

RTC DS3231

• VCC: Connected to 5V on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• GND: Connected to GND on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• SCL: Connected to D21/SCL on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• SDA: Connected to D20/SDA on the Arduino Mega 2560.

DHT11 Sensor V2

• GND: Connected to GND on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• DAT: Connected to D53 on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• VCC: Connected to 5V on the Arduino Mega 2560.

Raspberry Pi 4B

• GPIO14: Connected to D19/RX1 on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• GPIO15: Connected to D18/TX1 on the Arduino Mega 2560.
• GND: Connected to OUT- on the Buck Converter.
• 5V: Connected to + on the 7 inch WaveShare (H).

7 inch WaveShare (H)

• +: Connected to 5V on the Raspberry Pi 4B.
• -: Connected to GND on the Raspberry Pi 4B.

Documented Code

Arduino Mega 2560 Code (sketch.ino)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Note: The provided code is a template and does not contain any functional code. It needs to be populated with the logic to control the circuit as per the requirements.