Circuit Documentation

Summary

The circuit in question is a solar-powered system with energy storage and conversion capabilities. It includes a solar panel connected to a solar charge controller, which in turn is connected to a 12V 200Ah battery. The system also features an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) for switching between solar power and an AC source. A power inverter is used to convert the stored DC power to AC, and a step-down converter is included to provide 5V power from the 12V source. The circuit integrates a Raspberry Pi 4 and multiple Arduino UNO microcontrollers for control and monitoring purposes. Additionally, the system includes water flow meters, solenoid valves, and diaphragm water pumps for fluid control, as well as a 7-inch DSI display for user interface. A rocker switch is used for manual power control.

Component List

Solar Panel

• Description: A photovoltaic panel for converting sunlight into electrical energy.
• Pins: +, -

Solar Charge Controller

• Description: Regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery.
• Pins: Solar Cell +, Solar Cell -, Battery +, Battery -, Load +, Load -

12V 200Ah Battery

• Description: Stores electrical energy for later use.
• Pins: GND, 12V

ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch)

• Description: Automatically switches between solar power and AC source.
• Pins: +, -

Socket

• Description: An interface for connecting electrical devices.
• Pins: earth, life, neutral

12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter

• Description: Converts 12V DC to 5V DC power.
• Pins: VIN 9v-36v, VIN+, VIN-, USB OUTPUT 5V, 5v OUTPUT, GND

Plastic Solenoid Valve

• Description: Electrically-controlled valve for controlling the flow of a liquid.
• Pins: pin1, pin2

Power Inverter

• Description: Converts DC power from the battery to AC power.
• Pins: -, +

7 inch DSI Display

• Description: A display screen for visual output.
• Pins: 5V, GND

Raspberry Pi 4

• Description: A small computer used for processing and control.
• Pins: 5V, 3V3, GND, GPIO 2 (SDA), GPIO 3 (SCL), GPIO 4 (GPCLK0), GPIO 17, GPIO 14 (TXD), GPIO 18 (PCM CLK), GPIO 15 (RXD), GPIO 27, GPIO 23, GPIO 22, GPIO 24, GPIO 25, GPIO 8 (CE0), GPIO 9 (MISO), GPIO 7(CE1), GPIO 10 (MOSI), GPIO 11 (SCLK), GPIO 0 (ID SD), GPIO 5, GPIO 6, GPIO 19 (PCM FS), GPIO 1 (ID SC), GPIO 12 (PWM0), GPIO 13 (PWM 1), GPIO 16, GPIO 21 (PCM DOUT), GPIO 20 (PCM DIN), +, -

Mini Diaphragm Water Pump

• Description: A pump for moving water through the system.
• Pins: Positive (+), Negative (-)

YF-S201 Water Flow Meter

• Description: Measures the flow rate of water in the system.
• Pins: SIG, GND, VCC

5V 8Channel Relay

• Description: Allows for control of high-power devices using low-power signals.
• Pins: GND, IN1 to IN8, VCC, NC, C, NO

Arduino UNO

• Description: A microcontroller board for controlling various parts of the circuit.
• Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0 to A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13 to D0, +, -

Rocker Switch (SPST)

• Description: A manual on/off switch.
• Pins: 1, 2

AC Source

• Description: Provides an alternative AC power source.
• Pins: +, -

Wiring Details

Solar Panel

• + connected to Solar Charge Controller Solar Cell +
• - connected to Solar Charge Controller Solar Cell -

Solar Charge Controller

• Battery + connected to 12V 200Ah Battery 12V, Power Inverter +, and Rocker Switch (SPST) 1
• Battery - connected to 12V 200Ah Battery GND, Power Inverter -, and 12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter VIN-

12V 200Ah Battery

• 12V connected to Power Inverter + and Rocker Switch (SPST) 1
• GND connected to Power Inverter - and 12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter VIN-

ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch)

• + connected to Power Inverter +, AC Source +, and Raspberry Pi 4 +
• - connected to Power Inverter -, AC Source -, Raspberry Pi 4 -, and Socket earth

Socket

• life connected to ATS +
• earth connected to ATS -

12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter

• VIN+ connected to Rocker Switch (SPST) 2
• VIN- connected to 12V 200Ah Battery GND
• 5v OUTPUT connected to 5V 8Channel Relay VCC
• GND connected to 5V 8Channel Relay GND

Power Inverter

• + connected to 12V 200Ah Battery 12V, Rocker Switch (SPST) 1, and ATS +
• - connected to 12V 200Ah Battery GND and ATS -

7 inch DSI Display

• 5V connected to Raspberry Pi 4 5V
• GND connected to Raspberry Pi 4 GND

Raspberry Pi 4

• 5V connected to 7 inch DSI Display 5V and Raspberry Pi 4 5V
• GND connected to 7 inch DSI Display GND and Raspberry Pi 4 GND
• GPIO 14 (TXD) connected to Arduino UNO D0 (Instance 1)
• GPIO 15 (RXD) connected to Arduino UNO D1 (Instance 1)
• GPIO 18 (PCM CLK) connected to Arduino UNO D0 (Instance 2)
• GPIO 19 (PCM FS) connected to Arduino UNO D1 (Instance 2)
• GPIO 20 (PCM DIN) connected to Arduino UNO D0 (Instance 3)
• GPIO 21 (PCM DOUT) connected to Arduino UNO D1 (Instance 3)

Mini Diaphragm Water Pump

• Negative (-) connected together for all instances

YF-S201 Water Flow Meter

• SIG connected to Arduino UNO D2 (for each instance)
• GND connected to Arduino UNO GND (for each instance)
• VCC connected to Arduino UNO 5V (for each instance)

Plastic Solenoid Valve

• pin1 connected together for all instances

Arduino UNO

• D0 and D1 connected to Raspberry Pi 4 for serial communication (for each instance)
• D2 connected to YF-S201 Water Flow Meter SIG (for each instance)
• 5V connected to YF-S201 Water Flow Meter VCC (for each instance)
• GND connected to YF-S201 Water Flow Meter GND (for each instance)

Rocker Switch (SPST)

• 1 connected to 12V 200Ah Battery 12V and Power Inverter +
• 2 connected to 12v to 5v Step Down Power Converter VIN+ and Arduino UNO + (for each instance)

AC Source

• + connected to ATS +
• - connected to ATS -

Documented Code

Arduino UNO (Instance 1)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Arduino UNO (Instance 2)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop()