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Arduino Mega 2560 Controlled Mobile Robot with Sensory and Bluetooth Capabilities

Image of Arduino Mega 2560 Controlled Mobile Robot with Sensory and Bluetooth Capabilities

Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a variety of components including motors, sensors, and a Bluetooth module, likely for a robotic or automated system. It is powered by 18650 Li-ion batteries, regulated by XL4015 DC-DC buck converters, and controlled by an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. The circuit includes motor drivers for gearmotors, servos for precise control, sensors for distance measurement and color detection, and a Bluetooth module for wireless communication.

Component List

Power Sources

  • 18650 Li-ion Battery x 2: Two sets of lithium-ion batteries providing the main power source for the circuit.

Voltage Regulators

  • XL4015 5A DC Buck Step-down: Two step-down voltage regulators used to convert higher battery voltage to lower voltages required by various components.

Microcontrollers

  • Arduino Mega 2560: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560, with numerous digital and analog I/O pins for interfacing with various components.

Communication Modules

  • Hc 05: A Bluetooth module for wireless communication.

Motors and Motor Drivers

  • Gearmotor DC Wheels (left and right): Four DC gearmotors used for driving wheels, likely in a robotic vehicle.
  • MG996R: Three high-torque digital servos for precise movement control.
  • SG90 servo motor: Three micro servos for smaller, precise movements.
  • L298N DC motor driver: Two motor driver modules capable of driving up to four DC motors with full H-bridge control.

Sensors

  • ir sensor: An infrared sensor for object detection or line tracking.
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor: An ultrasonic sensor for measuring distances to objects.
  • RGB Colour Sensor: A sensor for detecting colors.

Actuators

  • fan: A DC fan for cooling or airflow generation.

Wiring Details

Power Distribution

  • 18650 Li-ion Battery x 2:
    • + to XL4015 Input +
    • - to XL4015 Input -

Voltage Regulators

  • XL4015 5A DC Buck Step-down:
    • Output + to 5V input of servos, motor drivers, and Arduino 5V pin.
    • Output - to GND of servos, motor drivers, and Arduino GND pin.

Microcontrollers

  • Arduino Mega 2560:
    • 5V and GND to various sensors and modules requiring 5V power.
    • Digital pins D0 to D13 and others to control servos, motor drivers, sensors, and Bluetooth module.

Communication Modules

  • Hc 05:
    • VCC to Arduino 5V
    • GND to Arduino GND
    • TXD to Arduino D0 RX0
    • RXD to Arduino D1 TX0

Motors and Motor Drivers

  • Gearmotor DC Wheels (left and right):

    • Connected to the outputs of L298N motor drivers.
  • MG996R and SG90 servo motor:

    • VCC to XL4015 Output +
    • GND to XL4015 Output -
    • SIG to designated Arduino PWM pins.
  • L298N DC motor driver:

    • 12V to Set battery (7v) +
    • GND to Set battery (7v) -
    • ENA and ENB to Arduino PWM pins for speed control.
    • IN1 to IN4 to Arduino digital pins for direction control.
    • OUT1 to OUT4 to gearmotors and fan.

Sensors

  • ir sensor:

    • vcc to Arduino 5V
    • gnd to Arduino GND
    • out to Arduino digital pin.
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor:

    • VCC to Arduino 5V
    • GND to Arduino GND
    • TRIG and ECHO to Arduino digital pins.
  • RGB Colour Sensor:

    • Vcc to Arduino 5V
    • GND to Arduino GND
    • OUT, S0 to S3 to Arduino digital pins.

Actuators

  • fan:
    • + to L298N motor driver OUT1
    • - to L298N motor driver OUT2

Documented Code

Arduino Mega 2560 Code (sketch.ino)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Additional Notes (documentation.txt)

No additional code documentation was provided.