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Arduino-Controlled Bluetooth Robotic Car

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a four-wheeled vehicle using an Arduino UNO microcontroller and a Bluetooth module (HC-05) for wireless communication. The vehicle's motion is driven by four DC motors, which are managed by an L298N DC motor driver. The motors are powered by a 12V battery, and the Arduino UNO is interfaced with the motor driver to control the direction and speed of the motors based on Bluetooth commands received from a paired device.

Component List

L298N DC Motor Driver

Arduino UNO

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

12V Battery

Motor and Wheels (4x)

Comments

Wiring Details

L298N DC Motor Driver

Arduino UNO

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

12V Battery

Motor and Wheels

Documented Code

//Arduino Bluetooth Controlled Car
//Before uploading the code you have to install the necessary library
//AFMotor Library https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-motor-shield/library-install
//Now You Can Upload the Code without any problem but make sure the bt module isn't connected with Arduino while uploading code

#include <AFMotor.h>

//initial motors pin
AF_DCMotor motor1(1, MOTOR12_1KHZ); 
AF_DCMotor motor2(2, MOTOR12_1KHZ); 
AF_DCMotor motor3(3, MOTOR34_1KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor4(4, MOTOR34_1KHZ);

char command; 

void setup() 
{       
  Serial.begin(9600);  //Set the baud rate to your Bluetooth module.
}

void loop(){
  if(Serial.available() > 0){ 
    command = Serial.read(); 
    Stop(); //initialize with motors stopped
    //Change pin mode only if new command is different from previous.
    switch(command){
    case 'F':  
      forward();
      break;
    case 'B':  
       back();
      break;
    case 'L':  
      left();
      break;
    case 'R':
      right();
      break;
    }
  } 
}

void forward()
{
  motor1.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor1.run(FORWARD); //rotate the motor clockwise
  motor2.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor2.run(FORWARD); //rotate the motor clockwise
  motor3.setSpeed(255);//Define maximum velocity
  motor3.run(FORWARD); //rotate the motor clockwise
  motor4.setSpeed(255);//Define maximum velocity
  motor4.run(FORWARD); //rotate the motor clockwise
}

void back()
{
  motor1.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor1.run(BACKWARD); //rotate the motor anti-clockwise
  motor2.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor2.run(BACKWARD); //rotate the motor anti-clockwise
  motor3.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor3.run(BACKWARD); //rotate the motor anti-clockwise
  motor4.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor4.run(BACKWARD); //rotate the motor anti-clockwise
}

void left()
{
  motor1.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor1.run(BACKWARD); //rotate the motor anti-clockwise
  motor2.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor2.run(BACKWARD); //rotate the motor anti-clockwise
  motor3.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor3.run(FORWARD);  //rotate the motor clockwise
  motor4.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor4.run(FORWARD);  //rotate the motor clockwise
}

void right()
{
  motor1.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor1.run(FORWARD); //rotate the motor clockwise
  motor2.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor2.run(FORWARD); //rotate the motor clockwise
  motor3.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor3.run(BACKWARD); //rotate the motor anti-clockwise
  motor4.setSpeed(255); //Define maximum velocity
  motor4.run(BACKWARD); //rotate the motor anti-clockwise
} 

void Stop()
{
  motor1.setSpeed(0); //Define minimum velocity
  motor1.run(RELEASE); //stop the motor when release the button
  motor2.setSpeed(0); //Define minimum velocity
  motor2.run(RELEASE); //stop the motor when release the button
  motor3.setSpeed(0); //Define minimum velocity
  motor3.run(RELEASE); //stop the motor when release the button
  motor4.setSpeed(0); //Define minimum velocity
  motor4.run(RELEASE); //stop the motor when release the button
}

This code is designed to receive Bluetooth commands to control the direction and speed of the motors. The commands 'F', 'B', 'L', and 'R' correspond to forward, backward, left, and right movements, respectively. The Stop() function is called initially to ensure the motors are stopped before receiving new commands. The AFMotor library is used to simplify the control of the DC motors through the motor driver.