How to Use vibration motor module: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

A vibration motor module is a small device that converts electrical energy into mechanical vibrations. It typically consists of a motor with an unbalanced weight attached to its shaft, which creates vibrations when the motor spins. These modules are widely used in applications requiring haptic feedback, such as mobile devices, wearables, and robotics. They are also employed in alert systems, gaming controllers, and other interactive devices to provide tactile feedback to users.

• Haptic feedback in mobile phones and wearables
• Robotics for tactile signaling
• Gaming controllers for immersive experiences
• Alert systems in industrial or medical devices
• Educational and DIY electronics projects

• Operating Voltage: 3.3V to 5V DC
• Operating Current: ~80mA (typical)
• Motor Type: DC motor with an eccentric rotating mass (ERM)
• Vibration Frequency: ~100 Hz (varies with voltage)
• Dimensions: ~27mm x 12mm x 10mm (module size)
• Weight: ~5g
• Control Type: Digital (ON/OFF) or PWM for intensity control

1. Power the Module: Connect the VCC pin to a 3.3V or 5V power source and the GND pin to the ground of your circuit.
2. Control the Motor: Use the IN pin to control the motor. A HIGH signal (3.3V or 5V) will activate the motor, while a LOW signal (0V) will turn it off.
3. PWM Control (Optional): To adjust the vibration intensity, provide a PWM signal to the IN pin. The duty cycle of the PWM signal determines the motor's speed and, consequently, the vibration intensity.

• Power Supply: Ensure the power supply can provide sufficient current (~80mA) to drive the motor.
• Signal Voltage: Match the control signal voltage to the module's operating voltage (3.3V or 5V).
• Decoupling Capacitor: Add a small decoupling capacitor (e.g., 0.1µF) across the power pins to reduce noise.
• Mounting: Secure the module firmly to prevent unwanted movement during operation.
• Prolonged Use: Avoid running the motor continuously for extended periods to prevent overheating.

Below is an example of how to connect and control the vibration motor module using an Arduino UNO:

• Connect the VCC pin of the module to the 5V pin on the Arduino.
• Connect the GND pin of the module to the GND pin on the Arduino.
• Connect the IN pin of the module to digital pin 9 on the Arduino.

// Vibration Motor Module Example Code
// This code demonstrates how to control the vibration motor module
// using an Arduino UNO. The motor will vibrate for 1 second, then stop
// for 1 second, in a loop.

#define MOTOR_PIN 9  // Define the pin connected to the IN pin of the module

void setup() {
  pinMode(MOTOR_PIN, OUTPUT);  // Set the motor pin as an output
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_PIN, HIGH);  // Turn the motor ON
  delay(1000);                    // Wait for 1 second
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_PIN, LOW);   // Turn the motor OFF
  delay(1000);                    // Wait for 1 second
}

To control the vibration intensity, replace digitalWrite() with analogWrite() in the code. For example:

analogWrite(MOTOR_PIN, 128);  // Set motor intensity to 50% (128 out of 255)

1. Motor Not Vibrating:

   • Cause: Insufficient power supply or incorrect wiring.
   • Solution: Verify the power supply voltage and current. Check all connections.

2. Weak or No Vibration:

   • Cause: Low PWM duty cycle or insufficient voltage.
   • Solution: Increase the PWM duty cycle or ensure the supply voltage is within the specified range.

3. Overheating:

   • Cause: Prolonged continuous operation or excessive voltage.
   • Solution: Limit the motor's runtime and ensure the supply voltage does not exceed 5V.

4. Noise in Circuit:

   • Cause: Motor operation causing electrical noise.
   • Solution: Add a decoupling capacitor across the power pins and use proper grounding.

• Q: Can I use the module with a 3.3V microcontroller?
  A: Yes, the module is compatible with 3.3V systems. Ensure the control signal matches the operating voltage.

• Q: How do I reduce vibration intensity?
  A: Use a PWM signal on the IN pin to control the motor speed and vibration intensity.

• Q: Can I run the motor continuously?
  A: While the motor can run continuously, it is recommended to allow periodic rest to prevent overheating.

• Q: Is the module polarity-sensitive?
  A: Yes, ensure correct polarity when connecting the power supply to avoid damage.

This documentation provides a comprehensive guide to understanding, using, and troubleshooting the vibration motor module.