How to Use 24/12 Buck Converter: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The 24/12 Buck Converter is a DC-DC step-down voltage regulator designed to efficiently convert a 24V input to a stable 12V output. This component is widely used in applications where a lower voltage is required to power devices or circuits from a higher voltage source. Its high efficiency ensures minimal power loss, making it ideal for battery-powered systems, automotive electronics, industrial equipment, and embedded systems.

• Powering 12V devices (e.g., fans, LEDs, sensors) from a 24V power source
• Automotive systems where 24V truck batteries need to power 12V accessories
• Industrial control systems requiring multiple voltage levels
• Renewable energy systems, such as solar setups, for voltage regulation

The following table outlines the key technical details of the 24/12 Buck Converter:

The 24/12 Buck Converter typically has the following pin layout:

1. Connect the Input Voltage:
   • Attach the VIN pin to a 24V DC power source.
   • Connect the GND pin to the ground of the power source.
2. Connect the Output Load:
   • Attach the VOUT pin to the positive terminal of the load requiring 12V.
   • Connect the GND pin to the ground of the load.
3. Enable the Converter (if applicable):
   • If the converter has an EN (Enable) pin, ensure it is connected to a logic HIGH signal (e.g., 3.3V or 5V) to activate the converter. Leave it unconnected or pull it LOW to disable the converter.
4. Verify Connections:
   • Double-check all connections to ensure proper polarity and secure wiring.
5. Power On:
   • Turn on the 24V power source. The converter will step down the voltage to 12V and supply it to the connected load.

• Input Voltage Range: Ensure the input voltage remains within the specified range (18V to 36V). Exceeding this range may damage the converter.
• Heat Dissipation: For high-current applications, ensure adequate ventilation or use a heatsink to prevent overheating.
• Load Requirements: Do not exceed the maximum output current of 5A to avoid triggering overcurrent protection.
• Noise Filtering: If the output voltage has noticeable noise, consider adding a capacitor (e.g., 100µF electrolytic) across the output terminals for additional filtering.
• Polarity Protection: Use a diode in series with the input to protect against reverse polarity connections.

The 24/12 Buck Converter can be used to power an Arduino UNO from a 24V power source. Below is an example circuit and code:

• Connect the VIN pin of the Buck Converter to the 24V power source.
• Connect the GND pin of the Buck Converter to the ground of the power source.
• Connect the VOUT pin of the Buck Converter to the 5V pin of the Arduino UNO (via a 12V-to-5V linear regulator, if needed).
• Connect the GND pin of the Buck Converter to the GND pin of the Arduino UNO.

// Example code to blink an LED using an Arduino UNO powered by a 24/12 Buck Converter

const int ledPin = 13; // Pin connected to the onboard LED

void setup() {
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as an output
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn the LED on
  delay(1000);                // Wait for 1 second
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);  // Turn the LED off
  delay(1000);                // Wait for 1 second
}

1. No Output Voltage:

   • Cause: The EN pin is not connected or is pulled LOW.
   • Solution: Connect the EN pin to a logic HIGH signal (e.g., 3.3V or 5V) or leave it unconnected if it has an internal pull-up resistor.

2. Overheating:

   • Cause: Excessive current draw or poor ventilation.
   • Solution: Ensure the load does not exceed 5A. Use a heatsink or improve airflow around the converter.

3. Output Voltage Fluctuations:

   • Cause: Insufficient input voltage or high output noise.
   • Solution: Verify the input voltage is stable and within the specified range. Add a capacitor across the output terminals for noise filtering.

4. Short-Circuit Protection Triggered:

   • Cause: A short circuit on the output terminals.
   • Solution: Disconnect the load, check for shorts, and reconnect only after resolving the issue.

Q: Can I use the 24/12 Buck Converter to power a 12V motor?
A: Yes, as long as the motor's current draw does not exceed 5A. For motors with high inrush currents, consider using a converter with a higher current rating.

Q: Is the converter suitable for outdoor use?
A: The converter itself is not weatherproof. If used outdoors, ensure it is enclosed in a weatherproof housing.

Q: Can I adjust the output voltage?
A: Most 24/12 Buck Converters have a fixed output voltage. If adjustable output is required, look for a model with a potentiometer or feedback pin for voltage adjustment.

Q: What happens if the input voltage drops below 18V?
A: The converter may stop regulating properly, and the output voltage could drop below 12V or become unstable. Ensure the input voltage remains within the specified range.