How to Use Water Level Detection Module: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The Water Level Detection Module (ESP32 M04) is a versatile electronic component designed to monitor and detect water levels in tanks, reservoirs, or other liquid storage systems. It uses conductive or capacitive sensing technology to provide real-time data, making it ideal for automation and control applications. This module is widely used in smart home systems, industrial automation, agricultural irrigation, and water management systems.

• Monitoring water levels in household water tanks
• Automated irrigation systems for agriculture
• Industrial liquid level monitoring
• Flood detection and prevention systems
• Smart home automation for water usage optimization

The following table outlines the key technical details of the ESP32 M04 Water Level Detection Module:

The module has a simple 3-pin interface for easy integration into circuits. Below is the pin configuration:

1. Power the Module: Connect the VCC pin to a 3.3V or 5V DC power source and the GND pin to the ground of your circuit.
2. Connect the Signal Pin:
   • For digital output, connect the Signal pin to a digital input pin on your microcontroller (e.g., ESP32 or Arduino UNO).
   • For analog output, connect the Signal pin to an analog input pin to read water level percentages.
3. Place the Sensor: Submerge the sensor in the water tank or reservoir. Ensure the sensor is properly positioned for accurate readings.
4. Read the Output:
   • A HIGH digital signal indicates water is detected.
   • A LOW digital signal indicates no water is detected.
   • For analog output, the voltage corresponds to the water level percentage.

• Power Supply: Ensure the module is powered within the specified voltage range (3.3V to 5V DC).
• Sensor Placement: Avoid placing the sensor in areas with excessive turbulence or debris, as this may affect accuracy.
• Water Type: The module works best with clean water. For conductive sensors, avoid using in highly corrosive or saline water.
• Calibration: If the module supports calibration, adjust it according to the specific water level range of your application.
• Isolation: Use proper electrical isolation if the module is used in high-voltage or industrial environments.

Below is an example code snippet to interface the Water Level Detection Module with an Arduino UNO:

// Define the pin connected to the Signal pin of the module
const int waterLevelPin = A0; // Use an analog pin for analog output
const int threshold = 500;   // Set a threshold for water detection (0-1023)

// Setup function to initialize the serial monitor and pin mode
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);        // Start serial communication at 9600 baud
  pinMode(waterLevelPin, INPUT); // Set the water level pin as input
}

// Loop function to continuously read and display water level data
void loop() {
  int waterLevel = analogRead(waterLevelPin); // Read analog value from the module

  // Check if water level exceeds the threshold
  if (waterLevel > threshold) {
    Serial.println("Water detected!"); // Print message if water is detected
  } else {
    Serial.println("No water detected."); // Print message if no water is detected
  }

  delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second before the next reading
}

1. No Output Signal:

   • Cause: Incorrect wiring or insufficient power supply.
   • Solution: Double-check the connections and ensure the module is powered with 3.3V to 5V DC.

2. Inconsistent Readings:

   • Cause: Sensor placement in turbulent or debris-filled water.
   • Solution: Reposition the sensor in a stable and clean water environment.

3. Analog Output Not Working:

   • Cause: Signal pin connected to a digital input pin.
   • Solution: Connect the Signal pin to an analog input pin on the microcontroller.

4. Module Overheating:

   • Cause: Operating the module outside the specified voltage range.
   • Solution: Ensure the power supply voltage is within 3.3V to 5V DC.

Q1: Can this module detect non-water liquids?
A1: The module is optimized for water detection. It may work with other liquids, but accuracy may vary depending on the liquid's conductivity or dielectric properties.

Q2: Is the module waterproof?
A2: The sensor is designed to be submerged, but the main module should be kept dry and protected from water exposure.

Q3: Can I use this module with an ESP32 microcontroller?
A3: Yes, the module is fully compatible with ESP32. Connect the Signal pin to an analog or digital input pin on the ESP32, depending on your application.

Q4: How do I extend the sensor's detection range?
A4: For capacitive sensors, you may need to use a larger sensing area. For conductive sensors, ensure proper placement and calibration.