How to Use ponte h TB6612FNG: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The TB6612FNG is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC) designed for controlling two DC motors or one stepper motor. It is widely used in robotics, automation, and other motor control applications due to its compact size, high efficiency, and ease of use. The IC supports motor voltage ranges from 2.5V to 13.5V and features PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control for precise speed regulation. Additionally, it includes built-in thermal shutdown and overcurrent protection, making it a reliable choice for motor control projects.

• Robotics (e.g., controlling wheels or arms)
• Automated systems (e.g., conveyor belts, robotic arms)
• DIY projects involving DC or stepper motors
• Educational kits for learning motor control
• Small-scale industrial motor control systems

• Motor Voltage Range: 2.5V to 13.5V
• Logic Voltage Range: 2.7V to 5.5V
• Output Current (Continuous): 1.2A per channel
• Output Current (Peak): 3.2A per channel
• Control Method: PWM (up to 100 kHz)
• Built-in Protections: Thermal shutdown, overcurrent protection, and low-voltage detection
• Operating Temperature Range: -20°C to 85°C
• Package Type: SSOP24 (compact surface-mount package)

The TB6612FNG has 24 pins, but only a subset is typically used for motor control. Below is the pin configuration:

1. Power Connections:

   • Connect the motor power supply (VM) to the motor voltage input pin (Pin 6).
   • Connect the logic power supply (VCC) to the logic voltage input pin (Pin 8).
   • Ensure a common ground (GND) connection between the motor driver, power supply, and microcontroller.

2. Motor Connections:

   • Connect the motor terminals to the output pins (A01, A02 for Motor A; B01, B02 for Motor B).

3. Control Signals:

   • Use the AIN1, AIN2, and PWMA pins to control Motor A.
   • Use the BIN1, BIN2, and PWMB pins to control Motor B.
   • Apply a HIGH signal to the STBY pin to enable the IC.

4. PWM Control:

   • Use a PWM signal on the PWMA and PWMB pins to control the speed of the motors.
   • Adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal to vary motor speed.

5. Direction Control:

   • Set AIN1 and AIN2 (or BIN1 and BIN2) to HIGH/LOW or LOW/HIGH to control the direction of the motor.

• Always ensure the motor voltage (VM) and logic voltage (VCC) are within the specified ranges.
• Use decoupling capacitors near the power supply pins to reduce noise and improve stability.
• Avoid exceeding the maximum continuous current rating (1.2A per channel) to prevent damage.
• Use proper heat dissipation methods if operating near the peak current rating.

Below is an example of how to control a single DC motor using the TB6612FNG and an Arduino UNO:

• Motor A: Connect one terminal to A01 and the other to A02.
• Power Supply: Connect VM to a 9V power source and GND to the Arduino GND.
• Control Pins:
  • AIN1 → Arduino Pin 7
  • AIN2 → Arduino Pin 8
  • PWMA → Arduino Pin 9 (PWM pin)
  • STBY → Arduino Pin 10

// Define control pins for Motor A
const int AIN1 = 7;  // Direction control pin 1
const int AIN2 = 8;  // Direction control pin 2
const int PWMA = 9;  // PWM speed control pin
const int STBY = 10; // Standby pin

void setup() {
  // Set pin modes
  pinMode(AIN1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(AIN2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(PWMA, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(STBY, OUTPUT);

  // Enable the motor driver
  digitalWrite(STBY, HIGH);
}

void loop() {
  // Rotate motor forward
  digitalWrite(AIN1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(AIN2, LOW);
  analogWrite(PWMA, 128); // Set speed (0-255)

  delay(2000); // Run for 2 seconds

  // Rotate motor backward
  digitalWrite(AIN1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(AIN2, HIGH);
  analogWrite(PWMA, 128); // Set speed (0-255)

  delay(2000); // Run for 2 seconds

  // Stop the motor
  digitalWrite(AIN1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(AIN2, LOW);
  analogWrite(PWMA, 0); // Set speed to 0

  delay(2000); // Wait for 2 seconds
}

1. Motor Not Spinning:

   • Ensure the STBY pin is set HIGH to enable the IC.
   • Check the motor connections to A01/A02 or B01/B02.
   • Verify that the PWM signal is being generated correctly.

2. Motor Spins in the Wrong Direction:

   • Swap the HIGH/LOW signals on AIN1 and AIN2 (or BIN1 and BIN2).

3. Overheating:

   • Ensure the current draw does not exceed 1.2A per channel.
   • Use a heat sink or improve ventilation around the IC.

4. No Response from the IC:

   • Verify that the logic voltage (VCC) and motor voltage (VM) are within the specified ranges.
   • Check for loose or incorrect wiring.

• Can the TB6612FNG drive stepper motors? Yes, it can drive a single stepper motor by controlling both H-bridges simultaneously.

• What is the maximum PWM frequency supported? The IC supports PWM frequencies up to 100 kHz.

• Is it possible to use only one H-bridge? Yes, you can use one H-bridge to control a single motor while leaving the other unused.

• Does the IC require external diodes for protection? No, the TB6612FNG has built-in flyback diodes for motor protection.