How to Use Driver TB6612FNG for DC engine: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The TB6612FNG is a dual H-bridge motor driver IC designed to control two DC motors independently. It provides precise control over motor speed and direction, making it ideal for robotics, automation, and other motor control applications. The IC is compact, efficient, and includes built-in protection features such as overcurrent protection and thermal shutdown, ensuring reliable operation in demanding environments.

• Robotics (e.g., controlling wheels or robotic arms)
• Automated conveyor systems
• Remote-controlled vehicles
• DIY electronics projects
• Industrial automation systems

The TB6612FNG is a versatile motor driver with the following key specifications:

The TB6612FNG has 20 pins, with the following configuration:

1. Power Connections:

   • Connect the VM pin to the motor power supply (4.5V to 13.5V).
   • Connect the VCC pin to the logic power supply (2.7V to 5.5V).
   • Connect the GND pin to the ground of the circuit.

2. Motor Connections:

   • Connect the motor terminals to A01 and A02 for Motor A, and B01 and B02 for Motor B.

3. Control Signals:

   • Use the AIN1 and AIN2 pins to control the direction of Motor A.
   • Use the BIN1 and BIN2 pins to control the direction of Motor B.
   • Provide PWM signals to PWMA and PWMB to control the speed of Motor A and Motor B, respectively.

4. Standby Mode:

   • Set the STBY pin HIGH to enable the IC. Set it LOW to put the IC in standby mode.

5. PWM Frequency:

   • Ensure the PWM frequency does not exceed 100 kHz for optimal performance.

Below is an example of how to control two DC motors using the TB6612FNG and an Arduino UNO:

• Connect VM to a 9V power supply for the motors.
• Connect VCC to the 5V pin on the Arduino.
• Connect GND to the Arduino's GND.
• Connect AIN1, AIN2, PWMA, BIN1, BIN2, and PWMB to Arduino digital pins.

// Define motor control pins
const int AIN1 = 7;  // Motor A direction control
const int AIN2 = 8;  // Motor A direction control
const int PWMA = 9;  // Motor A speed control (PWM)
const int BIN1 = 10; // Motor B direction control
const int BIN2 = 11; // Motor B direction control
const int PWMB = 6;  // Motor B speed control (PWM)
const int STBY = 5;  // Standby control

void setup() {
  // Set pin modes
  pinMode(AIN1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(AIN2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(PWMA, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BIN1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BIN2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(PWMB, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(STBY, OUTPUT);

  // Enable the motor driver
  digitalWrite(STBY, HIGH);
}

void loop() {
  // Motor A: Forward at 50% speed
  digitalWrite(AIN1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(AIN2, LOW);
  analogWrite(PWMA, 128); // 50% duty cycle (0-255)

  // Motor B: Reverse at 75% speed
  digitalWrite(BIN1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(BIN2, HIGH);
  analogWrite(PWMB, 192); // 75% duty cycle (0-255)

  delay(2000); // Run motors for 2 seconds

  // Stop both motors
  analogWrite(PWMA, 0);
  analogWrite(PWMB, 0);

  delay(2000); // Wait for 2 seconds
}

• Ensure the motor power supply voltage (VM) matches the motor's rated voltage.
• Use appropriate decoupling capacitors near the VM and VCC pins to reduce noise.
• Avoid exceeding the maximum continuous current rating of 1.2A per channel.
• Use a heatsink or proper ventilation if operating near the peak current limit.

1. Motors Not Running:

   • Ensure the STBY pin is set HIGH to enable the IC.
   • Verify that the power supply voltages (VM and VCC) are within the specified range.
   • Check the connections to the motor terminals and control pins.

2. Overheating:

   • Ensure the current drawn by the motors does not exceed the IC's maximum rating.
   • Use a heatsink or improve ventilation if necessary.

3. Erratic Motor Behavior:

   • Check for loose or incorrect wiring.
   • Verify the PWM signal frequency and duty cycle.

Q: Can the TB6612FNG drive stepper motors?
A: Yes, the TB6612FNG can drive stepper motors by controlling the two H-bridges in a coordinated manner. However, additional logic or software is required.

Q: What happens if the IC overheats?
A: The TB6612FNG has a built-in thermal shutdown feature that disables the outputs to protect the IC. Allow the IC to cool down before resuming operation.

Q: Can I use the TB6612FNG with a 3.3V microcontroller?
A: Yes, the control logic is compatible with both 3.3V and 5V systems. Ensure the VCC pin is supplied with the appropriate voltage.