How to Use Modul Charging TP4056: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The TP4056 is a lithium battery charger module designed for charging single-cell lithium-ion batteries. It utilizes a constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging method, ensuring safe and efficient charging. The module is equipped with overcharge protection, thermal regulation, and a straightforward interface, making it ideal for integration into a wide range of electronic projects.

• Charging single-cell lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries.
• Power banks and portable electronic devices.
• DIY electronics projects requiring rechargeable battery integration.
• Battery-powered IoT devices.
• Prototyping and testing of lithium-ion battery systems.

• Input Voltage: 4.5V to 5.5V (typically powered via micro-USB or external DC source).
• Charging Voltage: 4.2V ± 1%.
• Charging Current: Programmable up to 1A (default: 1A).
• Battery Type: Single-cell lithium-ion or lithium-polymer.
• Protection Features:
  • Overcharge protection.
  • Reverse polarity protection (on some versions).
  • Thermal regulation to prevent overheating.
• LED Indicators:
  • Red LED: Charging in progress.
  • Blue LED: Charging complete.
• Operating Temperature: -10°C to +85°C.

The TP4056 module typically has six pins for integration into circuits. Below is the pinout description:

Note: Some TP4056 modules include a micro-USB port for easy connection to a 5V power source.

1. Power Input:

   • Connect a 5V DC power source to the IN+ and IN- pins or use the onboard micro-USB port.
   • Ensure the input voltage is within the range of 4.5V to 5.5V to avoid damaging the module.

2. Battery Connection:

   • Connect the positive terminal of the lithium-ion battery to the BAT+ pin.
   • Connect the negative terminal of the battery to the BAT- pin.
   • Ensure correct polarity to prevent damage to the battery or module.

3. Load Connection (Optional):

   • If you want to power a load while charging the battery, connect the load to the OUT+ and OUT- pins.
   • Ensure the load does not exceed the module's current rating.

4. Programming the Charging Current:

   • The default charging current is 1A. To adjust it, replace the onboard resistor (Rprog) with a resistor of the desired value.
   • Use the formula: Icharge = 1200 / Rprog (kΩ) to calculate the charging current.

5. Monitoring the Charging Status:

   • Observe the onboard LEDs:
     • Red LED: Charging in progress.
     • Blue LED: Charging complete.

• Always use a high-quality lithium-ion battery with built-in protection circuitry.
• Avoid exceeding the module's input voltage or current limits.
• Ensure proper heat dissipation, especially when charging at high currents.
• Do not short-circuit the battery terminals or module pins.
• Disconnect the battery from the module if it will not be used for an extended period.

The TP4056 can be used to charge a battery that powers an Arduino UNO. Below is an example of how to monitor the battery voltage using the Arduino:

// Example: Monitor battery voltage using Arduino UNO
// Connect the battery's positive terminal to an analog pin (e.g., A0)
// Use a voltage divider to ensure the voltage is within the Arduino's ADC range

const int batteryPin = A0; // Analog pin connected to the battery
const float voltageDividerRatio = 2.0; // Adjust based on your resistor values
const float referenceVoltage = 5.0; // Arduino's reference voltage (5V for UNO)

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication
}

void loop() {
  int rawValue = analogRead(batteryPin); // Read the analog value
  float batteryVoltage = (rawValue / 1023.0) * referenceVoltage * voltageDividerRatio;

  // Print the battery voltage to the Serial Monitor
  Serial.print("Battery Voltage: ");
  Serial.print(batteryVoltage);
  Serial.println(" V");

  delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second before the next reading
}

Note: Use a voltage divider to scale down the battery voltage if it exceeds the Arduino's ADC input range (0-5V).

1. Module Overheating:

   • Cause: High charging current or insufficient heat dissipation.
   • Solution: Reduce the charging current by replacing the Rprog resistor or improve ventilation.

2. Battery Not Charging:

   • Cause: Incorrect wiring or damaged battery.
   • Solution: Verify the connections and ensure the battery is functional.

3. LEDs Not Lighting Up:

   • Cause: No input power or faulty module.
   • Solution: Check the input voltage and ensure the module is not damaged.

4. Load Not Receiving Power:

   • Cause: Load current exceeds the module's output capacity.
   • Solution: Ensure the load current is within the module's limits.

• Can I use the TP4056 to charge multiple batteries in series?

  • No, the TP4056 is designed for single-cell lithium-ion batteries only.

• What happens if I exceed the input voltage?

  • Exceeding the input voltage may permanently damage the module.

• Can I use the TP4056 without a battery?

  • No, the module is designed to work with a battery connected to the BAT+ and BAT- pins.

• How do I adjust the charging current?

  • Replace the Rprog resistor with a resistor of the desired value. Use the formula: Icharge = 1200 / Rprog (kΩ).

By following this documentation, you can safely and effectively use the TP4056 module in your projects.