How to Use Motor Controller: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The NOYITO 170W High-power H-bridge Motor Drive Module 2-Channel is a versatile motor controller designed to regulate the speed, direction, and torque of electric motors. It achieves this by controlling the power supplied to the motor, making it ideal for a wide range of applications. This motor controller is based on an H-bridge design, which allows for efficient bidirectional control of DC motors.

• Robotics: Controlling the movement of robot wheels or arms.
• Electric vehicles: Managing motor speed and direction.
• Conveyor belts: Adjusting speed and direction in industrial automation.
• DIY projects: Building motorized systems such as remote-controlled cars or drones.

The following table outlines the key technical details of the NOYITO 170W High-power H-bridge Motor Drive Module:

The module has the following pin layout:

1. Power Supply: Connect the VCC pin to a DC power source (6V to 27V) and the GND pin to ground.
2. Motor Connections: Connect the motor leads to the OUT1A and OUT1B terminals for Motor 1, and OUT2A and OUT2B for Motor 2.
3. Control Signals: Use a microcontroller (e.g., Arduino UNO) to send control signals to the INA, INB, and PWM pins for each motor:
   • Set INA high and INB low to rotate the motor in one direction.
   • Set INA low and INB high to rotate the motor in the opposite direction.
   • Use the PWM pin to control the motor speed by varying the duty cycle of the PWM signal.

• Ensure the power supply voltage matches the motor's operating voltage to avoid damage.
• Use heat sinks or cooling mechanisms if operating at high currents for extended periods.
• Avoid shorting the output terminals (OUT1A, OUT1B, OUT2A, OUT2B) to prevent damage to the module.
• Use appropriate decoupling capacitors near the power input to reduce noise and voltage spikes.

Below is an example code snippet to control a single motor using the NOYITO motor controller:

// Define motor control pins
const int INA1 = 9;  // Direction control pin for Motor 1
const int INB1 = 8;  // Direction control pin for Motor 1
const int PWM1 = 10; // Speed control pin (PWM) for Motor 1

void setup() {
  // Set motor control pins as outputs
  pinMode(INA1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(INB1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(PWM1, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // Rotate motor in one direction at 50% speed
  digitalWrite(INA1, HIGH);  // Set direction
  digitalWrite(INB1, LOW);   // Set complementary direction
  analogWrite(PWM1, 128);    // Set speed (128/255 = 50% duty cycle)
  delay(2000);               // Run for 2 seconds

  // Stop the motor
  analogWrite(PWM1, 0);      // Set speed to 0
  delay(1000);               // Wait for 1 second

  // Rotate motor in the opposite direction at full speed
  digitalWrite(INA1, LOW);   // Set direction
  digitalWrite(INB1, HIGH);  // Set complementary direction
  analogWrite(PWM1, 255);    // Set speed (255/255 = 100% duty cycle)
  delay(2000);               // Run for 2 seconds

  // Stop the motor
  analogWrite(PWM1, 0);      // Set speed to 0
  delay(1000);               // Wait for 1 second
}

1. Motor Not Spinning:

   • Cause: Incorrect wiring or insufficient power supply.
   • Solution: Double-check all connections and ensure the power supply voltage matches the motor's requirements.

2. Motor Spins in the Wrong Direction:

   • Cause: INA and INB signals are reversed.
   • Solution: Swap the INA and INB signals or reverse the motor leads.

3. Overheating:

   • Cause: Prolonged operation at high currents without proper cooling.
   • Solution: Add a heat sink or cooling fan to the module.

4. PWM Signal Not Working:

   • Cause: Incorrect PWM frequency or duty cycle.
   • Solution: Ensure the PWM frequency is within the module's supported range (up to 20 kHz).

• Can I use this module with a 3.3V microcontroller? Yes, the control logic is compatible with both 3.3V and 5V systems.

• What type of motors can I control with this module? This module is designed for DC motors with operating voltages between 6V and 27V.

• Can I control two motors independently? Yes, the module has two independent channels for controlling two motors.

• Is reverse polarity protection included? No, ensure correct polarity when connecting the power supply to avoid damage.