How to Use XH-M401: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The XH-M401 is a DC-DC buck converter module designed to step down voltage from a higher input level to a lower, stable output voltage. This module is highly efficient and widely used in power supply circuits for various electronic applications. It is ideal for projects requiring a reliable and adjustable power source, such as powering microcontrollers, sensors, and other low-voltage devices.

• Powering microcontrollers (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi)
• Voltage regulation for battery-powered devices
• LED lighting systems
• DIY electronics projects
• Industrial automation systems

The XH-M401 module is built for efficiency and flexibility. Below are its key technical details:

The XH-M401 module has the following input and output terminals:

1. Connect the Input Voltage:

   • Connect the positive terminal of your power source to the VIN+ pin.
   • Connect the negative terminal of your power source to the VIN- pin.

2. Connect the Output Load:

   • Connect the positive terminal of your load to the VOUT+ pin.
   • Connect the negative terminal of your load to the VOUT- pin.

3. Adjust the Output Voltage:

   • Use the onboard potentiometer to adjust the output voltage.
   • Turn the potentiometer clockwise to increase the output voltage and counterclockwise to decrease it.
   • Use a multimeter to measure the output voltage for precise adjustment.

4. Ensure Proper Heat Dissipation:

   • If the output current exceeds 2A, attach a heatsink to the module to prevent overheating.

• Input Voltage: Ensure the input voltage is at least 1.5V higher than the desired output voltage.
• Current Limit: Do not exceed the maximum output current of 5A. Use a heatsink for currents above 2A.
• Polarity: Double-check the polarity of the input and output connections to avoid damage.
• Load Testing: Test the module with a small load before connecting it to sensitive devices.

The XH-M401 can be used to power an Arduino UNO by stepping down a 12V input to 5V. Below is an example circuit and Arduino code:

1. Connect a 12V DC power source to the VIN+ and VIN- pins of the XH-M401.
2. Adjust the output voltage to 5V using the potentiometer.
3. Connect the VOUT+ pin to the Arduino's 5V pin and the VOUT- pin to the Arduino's GND pin.

// Example code to blink an LED using an Arduino UNO powered by the XH-M401
// Ensure the XH-M401 output is set to 5V before connecting to the Arduino.

const int ledPin = 13; // Built-in LED pin on the Arduino UNO

void setup() {
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as an output
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn the LED on
  delay(1000);               // Wait for 1 second
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);  // Turn the LED off
  delay(1000);               // Wait for 1 second
}

1. No Output Voltage:

   • Check the input voltage and ensure it is within the specified range (4V to 38V).
   • Verify the polarity of the input and output connections.
   • Ensure the potentiometer is not turned all the way down.

2. Overheating:

   • Attach a heatsink if the output current exceeds 2A.
   • Reduce the load current if possible.

3. Fluctuating Output Voltage:

   • Ensure the input voltage is stable and not dropping under load.
   • Check for loose connections or damaged wires.

4. Module Not Working:

   • Inspect the module for visible damage or burnt components.
   • Verify that the input voltage is at least 1.5V higher than the desired output voltage.

Q: Can the XH-M401 be used to charge batteries?
A: Yes, but ensure the output voltage is set to the appropriate charging voltage for the battery type. Use additional circuitry for current limiting if required.

Q: What is the maximum power output of the XH-M401?
A: The maximum power output is approximately 180W (36V × 5A), but this requires proper heat dissipation.

Q: Can I use the XH-M401 with an AC power source?
A: No, the XH-M401 is designed for DC input only. Use a rectifier and filter circuit to convert AC to DC before using the module.

Q: How do I know if the module is overheating?
A: If the module becomes too hot to touch or the output voltage becomes unstable, it is likely overheating. Use a heatsink or reduce the load.

By following this documentation, you can effectively use the XH-M401 DC-DC buck converter module in your projects.