How to Use BTS7960: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The BTS7960 is a high-current H-bridge motor driver designed for driving DC motors and other inductive loads. Manufactured by an unknown Chinese manufacturer under the part ID "motorcontroller," this component is widely used in robotics, automation, and other applications requiring precise motor control. It supports bidirectional motor control and features built-in protection mechanisms, including overcurrent, overtemperature, and undervoltage protection, ensuring reliable operation in demanding environments.

• Robotics (e.g., motorized arms, wheeled robots)
• Industrial automation systems
• Electric vehicles and carts
• Conveyor belts and other motorized machinery
• DIY motor control projects

The BTS7960 is a robust motor driver with the following key specifications:

The BTS7960 module typically comes with a 12-pin interface. Below is the pinout and description:

1. Power Supply: Connect a 6V to 27V power source to the VM+ and VM- pins. Ensure the power supply can handle the motor's current requirements.
2. Logic Power: Provide a 5V logic power supply to the VCC pin and connect the GND pin to the ground of your microcontroller.
3. Motor Connection: Connect the motor terminals to the MOTOR+ and MOTOR- pins.
4. Control Signals: Use the RPWM and LPWM pins to send PWM signals for speed control. Use the R_EN and L_EN pins to enable or disable the respective sides of the H-bridge.

Below is an example Arduino sketch to control a motor using the BTS7960:

// Define control pins for the BTS7960
#define RPWM 9  // PWM pin for forward direction
#define LPWM 10 // PWM pin for reverse direction
#define R_EN 8  // Enable pin for forward direction
#define L_EN 7  // Enable pin for reverse direction

void setup() {
  // Set control pins as outputs
  pinMode(RPWM, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LPWM, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(R_EN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(L_EN, OUTPUT);

  // Enable both sides of the H-bridge
  digitalWrite(R_EN, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(L_EN, HIGH);
}

void loop() {
  // Example: Run motor forward at 50% speed
  analogWrite(RPWM, 128); // 50% duty cycle (128 out of 255)
  analogWrite(LPWM, 0);   // No reverse signal
  delay(2000);            // Run for 2 seconds

  // Example: Run motor in reverse at 75% speed
  analogWrite(RPWM, 0);   // No forward signal
  analogWrite(LPWM, 192); // 75% duty cycle (192 out of 255)
  delay(2000);            // Run for 2 seconds

  // Stop the motor
  analogWrite(RPWM, 0);
  analogWrite(LPWM, 0);
  delay(2000);            // Wait for 2 seconds
}

• Heat Dissipation: The BTS7960 can handle high currents, but it may generate significant heat. Use a heatsink or active cooling if necessary.
• Power Supply: Ensure the motor power supply can provide sufficient current for the motor's operation.
• PWM Frequency: Use a PWM frequency within the recommended range (up to 25kHz) for optimal performance.
• Protection Features: The built-in protection mechanisms are helpful, but avoid pushing the module to its absolute limits to ensure longevity.

1. Motor Not Running

   • Cause: Incorrect wiring or insufficient power supply.
   • Solution: Double-check all connections and ensure the power supply meets the motor's requirements.

2. Overheating

   • Cause: Prolonged operation at high currents without proper cooling.
   • Solution: Add a heatsink or active cooling to the module.

3. Erratic Motor Behavior

   • Cause: Noise in the PWM signal or insufficient grounding.
   • Solution: Use proper decoupling capacitors and ensure a solid ground connection.

4. No Response to PWM Signals

   • Cause: Incorrect logic voltage levels or damaged module.
   • Solution: Verify the logic voltage is 5V and test the module with a known working setup.

Q: Can the BTS7960 drive stepper motors?
A: No, the BTS7960 is designed for DC motors and other inductive loads. Stepper motors require a dedicated stepper driver.

Q: What is the maximum motor voltage the BTS7960 can handle?
A: The BTS7960 supports motor voltages from 6V to 27V.

Q: Can I use the BTS7960 with a 3.3V microcontroller?
A: Yes, the logic input pins are compatible with both 3.3V and 5V signals.

Q: How do I know if the module's protection features are active?
A: The module will automatically shut down or limit current when protection features are triggered. Check your circuit for faults if this occurs frequently.