How to Use Battery Charging Module: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The TP4056 Module (Type C), manufactured by Shenzhen Technology Co., is a compact and efficient battery charging module designed for charging single-cell lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries. It ensures safe and efficient charging by incorporating features such as overcharge protection, short-circuit protection, and automatic charge termination. The module is equipped with a Type-C USB input for convenience and ease of use.

• Charging single-cell lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries in portable devices
• Power banks and battery-powered projects
• DIY electronics and prototyping
• Wearable devices and IoT applications
• Backup power systems

Below are the key technical details of the TP4056 Module (Type C):

The TP4056 Module has the following pins and connections:

1. Connect the Battery:

   • Connect the positive terminal of the battery to the BAT+ pin.
   • Connect the negative terminal of the battery to the BAT- pin.
     Ensure the battery is a single-cell lithium-ion or lithium-polymer type with a nominal voltage of 3.7V.

2. Provide Input Power:

   • Use a Type-C USB cable to supply power to the module. Alternatively, connect an external power source (4.5V to 5.5V) to the IN+ and IN- pins.

3. Monitor Charging Status:

   • The module has two indicator LEDs:
     • Red LED: Charging in progress.
     • Blue LED: Charging complete.

4. Optional Load Connection:

   • If you want to power a load while charging the battery, connect the load to the OUT+ and OUT- pins. Ensure the load does not exceed the module's current rating.

• Adjusting Charging Current:
  The default charging current is 1A. To adjust it, replace the onboard resistor (Rprog) with a different value. Refer to the TP4056 datasheet for resistor values corresponding to desired current levels.

• Heat Dissipation:
  The module may heat up during operation, especially at higher charging currents. Ensure proper ventilation or heat sinking if necessary.

• Battery Protection:
  While the module includes overcharge and short-circuit protection, it is recommended to use batteries with built-in protection circuits for added safety.

• Avoid Reverse Polarity:
  Always double-check the polarity of the battery and input connections to prevent damage to the module.

The TP4056 Module can be used to charge a battery that powers an Arduino UNO. Below is an example of how to monitor the battery voltage using the Arduino:

// Example code to monitor battery voltage using Arduino UNO
const int batteryPin = A0; // Analog pin connected to BAT+ via a voltage divider
const float voltageDividerRatio = 2.0; // Adjust based on your resistor values
const float referenceVoltage = 5.0; // Arduino UNO's reference voltage

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication
  pinMode(batteryPin, INPUT); // Set the battery pin as input
}

void loop() {
  int rawValue = analogRead(batteryPin); // Read the analog value
  float batteryVoltage = (rawValue / 1023.0) * referenceVoltage * voltageDividerRatio;
  
  // Print the battery voltage to the Serial Monitor
  Serial.print("Battery Voltage: ");
  Serial.print(batteryVoltage);
  Serial.println(" V");
  
  delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second before the next reading
}

Note: Use a voltage divider circuit to step down the battery voltage to a safe level for the Arduino's analog input pins. For example, use two resistors with a 1:1 ratio to divide the voltage by half.

1. Module Overheating:

   • Cause: High charging current or insufficient ventilation.
   • Solution: Reduce the charging current by replacing the Rprog resistor or improve heat dissipation.

2. Battery Not Charging:

   • Cause: Incorrect connections or damaged battery.
   • Solution: Verify the battery polarity and connections. Test the battery with a multimeter to ensure it is functional.

3. No LED Indicators:

   • Cause: No input power or faulty module.
   • Solution: Check the input power source and connections. Replace the module if necessary.

4. Load Not Powering On:

   • Cause: Load current exceeds module's output capacity.
   • Solution: Ensure the load current is within the module's specifications.

• Can I use the TP4056 Module to charge multiple batteries in series?
  No, the TP4056 is designed for single-cell batteries only. Charging multiple batteries in series requires a specialized charging circuit.

• What happens if I leave the battery connected after it is fully charged?
  The module automatically stops charging when the battery is fully charged, preventing overcharging.

• Can I use the module without a battery connected?
  It is not recommended to use the module without a battery, as it may cause instability in the output voltage.

• How do I adjust the charging current?
  Replace the onboard Rprog resistor with a different value. Refer to the TP4056 datasheet for the resistor-to-current mapping.

This concludes the documentation for the TP4056 Module (Type C). For further assistance, refer to the manufacturer's datasheet or contact Shenzhen Technology Co..