How to Use ATtiny2313: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The ATtiny2313 is a low-power 8-bit microcontroller from the AVR family, designed for efficient and compact embedded systems. It features 2KB of flash memory, 128 bytes of SRAM, and 16 general-purpose I/O pins, making it ideal for small-scale applications requiring reliable control and data processing. Its compact size and versatile functionality make it a popular choice for hobbyists and professionals alike.

• Home automation systems
• IoT devices and sensors
• Motor control and robotics
• LED control and lighting systems
• Data acquisition and processing
• Educational projects and prototyping

The ATtiny2313 is a robust microcontroller with the following key specifications:

The ATtiny2313 has 20 pins, each with specific functions. Below is the pinout description:

1. Power Supply: Connect the VCC pin to a regulated power source (2.7V to 5.5V) and the GND pin to ground.
2. Clock Source: Use the internal 8 MHz oscillator or connect an external crystal oscillator to XTAL1 and XTAL2.
3. Programming: Use an AVR programmer (e.g., USBasp) to upload code via the ISP interface.
4. I/O Configuration: Configure the I/O pins as input or output in the firmware using the DDRx registers.
5. Communication: Utilize UART, SPI, or I2C for interfacing with other devices.

• Decoupling Capacitors: Place a 0.1 µF capacitor between VCC and GND to reduce noise.
• Pull-up Resistors: Use pull-up resistors on the RESET pin to prevent accidental resets.
• Clock Selection: For precise timing, use an external crystal oscillator.
• Pin Protection: Avoid exceeding the voltage and current limits on I/O pins (max 40 mA per pin).

Below is an example of how to blink an LED connected to pin PB0 using the ATtiny2313. This code can be written in AVR C and uploaded using an ISP programmer.

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>

#define LED_PIN PB0  // Define the LED pin as PB0

int main(void) {
    DDRB |= (1 << LED_PIN);  // Set PB0 as an output pin

    while (1) {
        PORTB |= (1 << LED_PIN);  // Turn the LED on
        _delay_ms(500);          // Wait for 500 milliseconds
        PORTB &= ~(1 << LED_PIN); // Turn the LED off
        _delay_ms(500);          // Wait for 500 milliseconds
    }

    return 0;  // This line will never be reached
}

The ATtiny2313 can be programmed using an Arduino UNO as an ISP (In-System Programmer). Follow these steps:

1. Connect the Arduino UNO to the ATtiny2313:
   • Arduino Pin 10 → ATtiny2313 RESET
   • Arduino Pin 11 → ATtiny2313 MOSI (PB5)
   • Arduino Pin 12 → ATtiny2313 MISO (PB6)
   • Arduino Pin 13 → ATtiny2313 SCK (PB7)
   • Arduino GND → ATtiny2313 GND
   • Arduino 5V → ATtiny2313 VCC
2. Load the "ArduinoISP" sketch onto the Arduino UNO.
3. Use the Arduino IDE to upload your code to the ATtiny2313 by selecting "Upload Using Programmer."

1. Microcontroller Not Responding:

   • Ensure the power supply is stable and within the operating voltage range.
   • Check the RESET pin for proper pull-up resistor configuration.
   • Verify the connections between the programmer and the ATtiny2313.

2. Code Upload Fails:

   • Confirm that the correct microcontroller is selected in the programming software.
   • Ensure the ISP connections (MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET) are secure.
   • Check for conflicting devices on the SPI bus.

3. Unexpected Behavior in Circuit:

   • Verify that the I/O pins are correctly configured in the code.
   • Check for short circuits or incorrect wiring.
   • Ensure decoupling capacitors are properly placed.

• Use a multimeter to check voltage levels and continuity.
• Test the circuit with a simple program (e.g., blinking an LED) to verify basic functionality.
• Double-check the fuse settings if using an external clock source.

By following this documentation, you can effectively utilize the ATtiny2313 in your projects and troubleshoot common issues with ease.