How to Use Charge controller 12v-24v: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The XH-M603 charge controller, manufactured by ModuleFans, is a versatile device designed to regulate the voltage and current from a solar panel to a battery. It ensures safe and efficient charging by preventing overcharging, over-discharging, and other potential issues that could damage the battery. This charge controller is compatible with 12V and 24V battery systems, making it ideal for a wide range of solar power applications.

• Solar-powered lighting systems
• Off-grid solar power setups
• Battery backup systems
• Small-scale renewable energy projects
• RVs, boats, and other mobile solar installations

Below are the key technical details and pin configurations for the XH-M603 charge controller:

1. Connect the Battery:

   • Connect the positive terminal of the battery to the BAT+ pin.
   • Connect the negative terminal of the battery to the BAT- pin.
   • Ensure the battery voltage matches the charge controller's supported range (12V or 24V).

2. Connect the Solar Panel:

   • Connect the positive terminal of the solar panel to the PV+ pin.
   • Connect the negative terminal of the solar panel to the PV- pin.
   • Ensure the solar panel's voltage and current are within the controller's input range.

3. Optional Load Connection:

   • If you wish to power a load directly, connect the load's positive terminal to LOAD+ and the negative terminal to LOAD-.
   • Ensure the load does not exceed the controller's maximum current rating (10A).

4. Power On:

   • Once all connections are secure, the charge controller will automatically detect the battery voltage (12V or 24V) and begin operation.
   • The LED display will show the current battery voltage and charging status.

• Battery Type: Ensure the battery is compatible with the charge controller (e.g., lead-acid, lithium-ion).
• Proper Wiring: Use appropriately rated wires to handle the current and voltage.
• Avoid Reverse Polarity: Double-check connections to prevent damage to the controller or battery.
• Ventilation: Install the controller in a well-ventilated area to prevent overheating.
• Regular Maintenance: Periodically check connections and clean terminals to ensure optimal performance.

The XH-M603 does not directly interface with an Arduino, but you can monitor the battery voltage using an Arduino and a voltage divider circuit. Below is an example code snippet:

// Arduino code to monitor battery voltage using a voltage divider
const int voltagePin = A0; // Analog pin connected to the voltage divider
const float voltageDividerRatio = 5.0; // Adjust based on your resistor values

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication
  pinMode(voltagePin, INPUT); // Set the voltage pin as input
}

void loop() {
  int sensorValue = analogRead(voltagePin); // Read the analog value
  float batteryVoltage = (sensorValue * 5.0 / 1023.0) * voltageDividerRatio;
  
  // Print the battery voltage to the Serial Monitor
  Serial.print("Battery Voltage: ");
  Serial.print(batteryVoltage);
  Serial.println(" V");
  
  delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second before the next reading
}

Note: Use a voltage divider circuit to scale down the battery voltage to a safe range (0-5V) for the Arduino's analog input.

1. Can the XH-M603 charge lithium-ion batteries?
   Yes, but ensure the battery's voltage and charging requirements are compatible with the controller.

2. How do I switch between 12V and 24V modes?
   The XH-M603 automatically detects the battery voltage and adjusts accordingly.

3. What happens if the solar panel provides more than 60V?
   The controller may be damaged. Always ensure the solar panel's output is within the specified range.

4. Can I use the XH-M603 without a load connected?
   Yes, the load connection is optional and does not affect the charging process.

By following this documentation, you can safely and effectively use the XH-M603 charge controller in your solar power projects.