How to Use SG90 Servo Motr: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The SG90 Servo Motor by AC (Manufacturer Part ID: Servo Motor) is a small, lightweight, and cost-effective servo motor widely used in robotics, RC vehicles, and hobby electronics projects. It is capable of precise angular movement and control, making it ideal for applications requiring accurate positioning, such as robotic arms, pan-tilt camera mounts, and model airplanes.

This servo motor operates on pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals and is compatible with most microcontrollers, including Arduino boards. Its compact size and ease of use make it a popular choice for both beginners and experienced electronics enthusiasts.

Below are the key technical details of the SG90 Servo Motor:

The SG90 Servo Motor has a 3-pin connector with the following pinout:

1. Power Supply: Connect the red wire to a 5V power source and the brown wire to ground (GND). Ensure the power supply can provide sufficient current (at least 500 mA) to avoid voltage drops.
2. Signal Input: Connect the orange wire to a PWM-capable pin on your microcontroller (e.g., Arduino UNO pin 9 or 10).
3. PWM Signal: Use a PWM signal with a pulse width between 500 µs (0°) and 2400 µs (180°) to control the servo's position.

Below is an example Arduino sketch to control the SG90 Servo Motor:

#include <Servo.h> // Include the Servo library

Servo myServo; // Create a Servo object to control the SG90

void setup() {
  myServo.attach(9); // Attach the servo to pin 9 on the Arduino
}

void loop() {
  myServo.write(0); // Move the servo to 0 degrees
  delay(1000);      // Wait for 1 second

  myServo.write(90); // Move the servo to 90 degrees
  delay(1000);       // Wait for 1 second

  myServo.write(180); // Move the servo to 180 degrees
  delay(1000);        // Wait for 1 second
}

• Avoid stalling the servo for extended periods, as this can cause overheating and damage.
• Use a separate power supply for the servo if your circuit includes multiple components to prevent voltage drops.
• Ensure the PWM signal is stable and within the specified range to avoid erratic behavior.

1. Servo Not Moving:

   • Cause: Incorrect wiring or insufficient power supply.
   • Solution: Double-check the connections and ensure the power supply provides at least 500 mA.

2. Erratic Movement:

   • Cause: Unstable PWM signal or electrical noise.
   • Solution: Use a decoupling capacitor (e.g., 100 µF) across the power supply and ensure the PWM signal is generated correctly.

3. Overheating:

   • Cause: Prolonged stalling or excessive load.
   • Solution: Reduce the load on the servo and avoid holding it in a stalled position.

4. Limited Range of Motion:

   • Cause: PWM signal out of range.
   • Solution: Ensure the PWM pulse width is between 500 µs and 2400 µs.

Q: Can the SG90 Servo Motor rotate continuously?
A: No, the SG90 is a positional servo motor with a rotation range of 0° to 180°. For continuous rotation, consider using a continuous rotation servo.

Q: Can I power the SG90 directly from an Arduino?
A: While it is possible, it is not recommended for prolonged use, as the Arduino's 5V pin may not provide sufficient current. Use an external power supply for better performance.

Q: How do I control multiple SG90 servos with an Arduino?
A: You can use multiple PWM-capable pins on the Arduino or a dedicated servo driver board to control multiple servos simultaneously.

By following this documentation, you can effectively integrate the SG90 Servo Motor into your projects and troubleshoot common issues with ease.