How to Use AC-DC power converter: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The AC-DC Power Converter (Manufacturer: AliExpress, Part ID: 120V-AC to 5V-DC) is a compact and efficient device designed to convert alternating current (AC) from a mains supply (e.g., 120V AC) into a stable direct current (DC) output. This component is widely used in powering low-voltage electronic devices, such as microcontrollers, sensors, and other DC-powered circuits, directly from an AC power source.

• Powering microcontroller boards (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi)
• Supplying DC voltage to sensors, relays, and other low-power devices
• Embedded systems requiring a stable 5V DC supply
• Home automation and IoT devices
• Small appliances and LED lighting systems

The following table outlines the key technical details of the AC-DC Power Converter:

The AC-DC Power Converter typically has four pins or terminals for input and output connections. The table below describes each pin:

1. Safety First: Ensure the AC mains supply is turned off before making any connections to avoid electric shock.
2. Connect the Input:
   • Connect the AC IN L pin to the live wire of the AC mains supply.
   • Connect the AC IN N pin to the neutral wire of the AC mains supply.
3. Connect the Output:
   • Connect the DC OUT + pin to the positive terminal of your load (e.g., microcontroller, sensor).
   • Connect the DC OUT - pin to the ground terminal of your load.
4. Power On: Once all connections are secure, turn on the AC mains supply. The converter will provide a stable 5V DC output.

• Load Limit: Do not exceed the maximum output current of 1A to prevent overheating or damage.
• Heat Dissipation: Ensure adequate ventilation around the converter to avoid overheating during operation.
• Polarity: Double-check the polarity of the DC output connections to prevent damage to connected devices.
• Isolation: Avoid direct contact with the AC input terminals to ensure user safety.
• Testing: Use a multimeter to verify the output voltage before connecting sensitive devices.

The AC-DC Power Converter can be used to power an Arduino UNO directly. Below is an example circuit and code:

• Connect the DC OUT + pin of the converter to the 5V pin of the Arduino UNO.
• Connect the DC OUT - pin of the converter to the GND pin of the Arduino UNO.

// Example code to blink an LED using Arduino UNO powered by the AC-DC converter
// Ensure the AC-DC converter is providing a stable 5V DC to the Arduino

const int ledPin = 13; // Pin connected to the onboard LED

void setup() {
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as an output
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn the LED on
  delay(1000);                // Wait for 1 second
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);  // Turn the LED off
  delay(1000);                // Wait for 1 second
}

1. No Output Voltage:

   • Ensure the AC mains supply is properly connected to the AC IN L and AC IN N pins.
   • Verify that the AC mains supply is turned on and within the input voltage range (100V-240V AC).
   • Check for loose or faulty connections.

2. Overheating:

   • Ensure the load does not exceed the maximum output current of 1A.
   • Provide adequate ventilation or heat dissipation for the converter.

3. Fluctuating Output Voltage:

   • Verify that the input AC voltage is stable and within the specified range.
   • Check for any short circuits or excessive load on the DC output.

4. Device Not Powering On:

   • Confirm that the polarity of the DC output connections is correct.
   • Test the converter with a multimeter to ensure it is providing 5V DC.

Q1: Can this converter be used with a 220V AC mains supply?
A1: Yes, the converter supports an input voltage range of 100V AC to 240V AC, making it compatible with 220V AC mains.

Q2: Is the output voltage adjustable?
A2: No, the output voltage is fixed at 5V DC.

Q3: Can this converter power multiple devices simultaneously?
A3: Yes, as long as the total current draw does not exceed 1A.

Q4: Is the converter safe to use with sensitive electronics?
A4: Yes, the converter provides a stable 5V DC output and is CE and RoHS compliant, ensuring safety and reliability.

Q5: Does the converter require additional components for operation?
A5: No, the converter is a standalone device and does not require additional components for basic operation.